Dificultades de adaptación conceptual y socioemocional de los estudiantes migrantes y retornados en el contexto de frontera en el municipio de San José de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Pinzón Hernández, Alejandro Paul David
Pallarez Bayona, Marlyn Estefany
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente documento dimensiona las realidades a las que la población migrante venezolana se enfrenta una vez llega a Colombia, país seleccionado como su territorio de acogida. Dentro de ellas están resaltadas dificultades de adaptación académica en niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes y retornados (NNA MR) dentro del sistema educativo colombiano o en medio de su intento por ingresar al mismo. Por otra parte, esta población trae consigo antecedentes traumáticos debido a la crisis política, social y económica registrada desde el año 2015 en el vecino país, la pérdida de sus familiares en medio de las marchas, pérdida de bienes materiales e inmateriales, la descomposición de los núcleos familiares y el posterior abandono de su país natal. Situación generadora de alteraciones socioemocionales en quienes, de acuerdo a reportes entregados por el Ministerio de salud, se han visto obligados a acudir al sistema de salud en busca de ayuda mental especializada. Lo que evidencia la preocupante exposición en la que se encuentran los menores que hacen parte de estos núcleos familiares, incidiendo directa y negativamente en su desarrollo físico, cognitivo y su integración social al llegar a un entorno totalmente desconocido para ellos.
Por tal razón, a través de esta propuesta de intervención social, se plantea la necesidad de crear estrategias lúdicas de adaptación conceptual y socioemocional, oportunas en ambientes escolares y extraescolares de San José de Cúcuta. Estrategias que a través de la lúdica generarán una disminución de los índices de repitencia y deserción escolar, y así mismo, incidirán de manera positiva en las cifras de atención médica a población con trastornos de depresión y ansiedad y permitirán disminuir los riesgos de violencia basada en género y las prácticas negativas de supervivencia.
his document measures the realities that the Venezuelan migrant population faces once they arrive in Colombia, a country selected as their host territory. Among them, academic adaptation difficulties are highlighted in migrant and returned children and adolescents (NNA MR) within the Colombian educational system or in the middle of their attempt to enter it. On the other hand, this population brings with it a traumatic history due to the political, social and economic crisis registered since 2015 in the neighboring country, the loss of family members in the middle of the marches, loss of material and immaterial assets, the decomposition of the family nuclei and the subsequent abandonment of their native country. A situation that generates socio-emotional alterations in those who, according to reports delivered by the Ministry of Health, have been forced to go to the health system in search of specialized mental help. This is evidenced by the worrying exposure in which the minors who are part of these family nuclei find themselves, directly and negatively affecting their physical and cognitive development and their social integration upon reaching an environment totally unknown to them. For this reason, through this proposal of social intervention, the need to create playful strategies of conceptual and socio-emotional adaptation, opportune in school and extracurricular environments of San José de Cúcuta, arises. Strategies that through play will generate a decrease in the rates of repetition and school dropout, and likewise, will have a positive impact on the figures for medical care for the population with depression and anxiety disorders and will reduce the risks of violence based on gender and negative survival practices.
his document measures the realities that the Venezuelan migrant population faces once they arrive in Colombia, a country selected as their host territory. Among them, academic adaptation difficulties are highlighted in migrant and returned children and adolescents (NNA MR) within the Colombian educational system or in the middle of their attempt to enter it. On the other hand, this population brings with it a traumatic history due to the political, social and economic crisis registered since 2015 in the neighboring country, the loss of family members in the middle of the marches, loss of material and immaterial assets, the decomposition of the family nuclei and the subsequent abandonment of their native country. A situation that generates socio-emotional alterations in those who, according to reports delivered by the Ministry of Health, have been forced to go to the health system in search of specialized mental help. This is evidenced by the worrying exposure in which the minors who are part of these family nuclei find themselves, directly and negatively affecting their physical and cognitive development and their social integration upon reaching an environment totally unknown to them. For this reason, through this proposal of social intervention, the need to create playful strategies of conceptual and socio-emotional adaptation, opportune in school and extracurricular environments of San José de Cúcuta, arises. Strategies that through play will generate a decrease in the rates of repetition and school dropout, and likewise, will have a positive impact on the figures for medical care for the population with depression and anxiety disorders and will reduce the risks of violence based on gender and negative survival practices.
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Palabras clave
Facilitar, Incorporar, Adaptar, Estrategia, Lúdica, Facilitate, Incorporate, Adapt, Strategy, Playful
