Intervención de la credibilidad del testimonio en abuso sexual a menores en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Bonet Carrillo, Andrea Camila
Castillo Vera, Wendy Lorayne
Fragozo Bornacelli, Andrea Silvana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias de intervención utilizadas en la evaluación de la credibilidad del testimonio infantil en casos de abuso sexual en Colombia, una problemática reconocida como una de las formas más graves y sub registradas de violencia contra menores, con importantes implicaciones psicosociales.
Método: Se empleó un enfoque de investigación documental y cualitativo, que incluyó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica, normativas nacionales (Leyes 906 de 2004, 1098 de 2006 y 1652 de 2013) y protocolos internacionales, como el protocolo NICHD. Se elaboraron matrices comparativas para identificar vacíos normativos y buenas prácticas. El análisis se centró en variables psicológicas clave (edad, impacto del trauma, coherencia narrativa) y dimensiones procedimentales (técnicas de entrevista y perfil profesional del evaluador).
Resultados: Los hallazgos revelan que, si bien Colombia cuenta con un marco legal sólido y reconoce formalmente la importancia de la entrevista única y la protección infantil, su implementación es todavía insuficiente y desigual. Se identifican barreras críticas como la falta de formación especializada en operadores judiciales y peritos forenses, limitaciones en infraestructura en distintas regiones, prácticas revictimizantes y ausencia de protocolos estandarizados e interdisciplinarios para la evaluación de la credibilidad testimonial.
This study aims to examine the intervention strategies used in assessing the credibility of child testimony in cases of sexual abuse in Colombia—an issue recognized as one of the most severe and underreported forms of violence against minors, with significant psychosocial implications. Method: A documentary and qualitative research approach was employed, involving a systematic review of scientific literature, national legislation (Laws 906 of 2004, 1098 of 2006, 1652 of 2013), and international protocols such as the NICHD protocol. Comparative matrices were developed to identify regulatory gaps and best practices. The analysis focused on key psychological variables (age, trauma impact, narrative coherence) and procedural dimensions (interview techniques and professional qualifications). Results: Findings reveal that while Colombia has a robust legal framework and formally recognizes the importance of single interviews and child protection, its implementation remains inconsistent. The study identifies critical barriers such as insufficient training for judicial and forensic personnel, infrastructural limitations across regions, revictimizing practices, and the absence of standardized, interdisciplinary protocols for assessing testimonial credibility.
This study aims to examine the intervention strategies used in assessing the credibility of child testimony in cases of sexual abuse in Colombia—an issue recognized as one of the most severe and underreported forms of violence against minors, with significant psychosocial implications. Method: A documentary and qualitative research approach was employed, involving a systematic review of scientific literature, national legislation (Laws 906 of 2004, 1098 of 2006, 1652 of 2013), and international protocols such as the NICHD protocol. Comparative matrices were developed to identify regulatory gaps and best practices. The analysis focused on key psychological variables (age, trauma impact, narrative coherence) and procedural dimensions (interview techniques and professional qualifications). Results: Findings reveal that while Colombia has a robust legal framework and formally recognizes the importance of single interviews and child protection, its implementation remains inconsistent. The study identifies critical barriers such as insufficient training for judicial and forensic personnel, infrastructural limitations across regions, revictimizing practices, and the absence of standardized, interdisciplinary protocols for assessing testimonial credibility.
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Palabras clave
Abuso sexual infantil, Credibilidad del testimonio, Psicología forense, Evaluación del testimonio
