Impacto socioeconómico de los egresados del Técnico en producción de cafés especiales del departamento Norte de Santander – Colombia, durante el período 2016 al 2022
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El desarrollo agrícola en relación con el cultivo del café sobrelleva cambios que genera espacios de desarrollo y es un motor de la economía actual del país. El sector cafetero es un pilar fundamental que se ha transformado en aspectos cruciales como lo son la producción limpia y ecológica, el dominio de marcas y denominaciones de origen, la aplicación y transferencia tecnológica como en el caso de los procesos de investigación aplicada. La producción de café en el Departamento Norte de Santander ha sido un renglón muy importante encontrándose en 36 municipios del total de 40, distribuido entre 17.000 familias productoras y unas 23.000 hectáreas cultivadas aproximadamente. De los cuales el 99% son pequeños caficultores (menos de 5 hectáreas) que generan 28.224 empleos directos, cifras de la Federación Departamental de Cafeteros del Norte de Santander.
El Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA por intermedio del Centro CEDRUM en el Departamento, viene desarrollando formaciones que permiten la transferencia de conocimiento y mayor capacidad técnica de los caficultores. Desde el año 2010 se establece el programa técnico en Producción de Cafés Especiales, dirigido específicamente a los caficultores para generar conocimientos técnicos especializados que permitan el aumento de la siembra y producción de estos cafés especiales y de denominación de origen.
La población de los egresados del SENA del técnico de Producción de Cafés Especiales se caracteriza por ser población rural dedicada a actividades agropecuarias, con mayor profundidad en la producción de café. De otra parte se percibe como una población en rezago con unas características de bajo niveles de educación, bajo nivel de ingresos y desempleo con muchas necesidades básicas insatisfechas.
Debido a lo expuesto con anterioridad se hizo necesario establecer las bases y nuevo conocimiento para determinar si las formaciones desarrolladas en el Departamento Norte de Santander del técnico de Producción de Cafés Especiales generan un impacto socioeconómico favorable en los egresados, que repercutan en el mejoramiento de las capacidades de los caficultores y mejoren la competitividad en el mercado nacional e internacional de su producción. Para alcanzar este objetivo se hace necesario primero conocer los factores sociales, segundo identificar los factores económicos que caracterizan a los egresados del programa para llegar a analizar impacto socioeconómico en los egresados de la formación técnico en Producción de Cafés Especiales del departamento Norte de Santander – Colombia, durante el período 2016 al 2022
La presente investigación está guiada bajo el paradigma positivista, con enfoque cuantitativo, dado que la metodología de generación de conocimientos se basa en procedimientos de análisis de datos como los establecidos en las ciencias exactas.
Es determinante las brechas sociales que existen aún en función de variables y parámetros relacionados con el desarrollo personal, socioeconómico y por consiguiente familiar, con niveles de educación bajos. El nivel de ingresos de los caficultores es bajo comparado con las utilidades en el mercado de los cafés especiales.
En este sentido, de acuerdo con la investigación realizada se considera muy pertinente a manera de recomendación que los actores de la cadena del café se logren consolidar de manera que se genere un mayor impacto en beneficios a la población caficultora y de cafés especiales.
The agricultural development in relation to the cultivation of coffee undergoes changes that generate spaces for development and is an engine of the current economy of the country. The coffee sector is a fundamental pillar that has been transformed into crucial aspects such as clean and ecological production, mastery of brands and denominations of origin, application and technology transfer as in the case of applied research processes. Coffee production in the North Department of Santander has been a very important line, found in 36 municipalities out of a total of 40, distributed among 17,000 producing families and approximately 23,000 cultivated hectares. Of which 99% are small coffee growers (less than 5 hectares) that generate 28,224 direct jobs, figures from the Departmental Federation of Coffee Growers of North Santander. The SENA National Learning Service, through the CEDRUM Center in the Department, has been developing training that allows the transfer of knowledge and greater technical capacity of coffee growers. Since 2010, the technical program in Special Coffee Production has been established, specifically aimed at coffee growers to generate specialized technical knowledge that allows the increase in the planting and production of these special and denomination of origin coffees. The population of SENA graduates of the Specialty Coffee Production technician is characterized by being a rural population dedicated to agricultural activities, with greater depth in coffee production. On the other hand, it is perceived as a backward population with characteristics of low levels of education, low level of income and unemployment with many unsatisfied basic needs. Due to the aforementioned, it became necessary to establish the bases and new knowledge to determine if the training developed in the North Department of Santander of the Specialty Coffee Production technician generates a favorable socioeconomic impact on the graduates, which has an impact on the improvement of the capacities of coffee growers and improve the competitiveness in the national and international market of their production. To achieve this objective, it is necessary first to know the social factors, secondly to identify the economic factors that characterize the graduates of the program in order to analyze the socioeconomic impact on the graduates of the technical training in Specialty Coffee Production in the department of Norte de Santander - Colombia. , during the period 2016 to 2022. This research is guided by the positivist paradigm, with a quantitative approach, since the knowledge generation methodology is based on data analysis procedures such as those established in the exact sciences. The social gaps that still exist based on variables and parameters related to personal, socioeconomic and consequently family development, with low levels of education, are decisive. The income level of coffee growers is low compared to the profits in the specialty coffee market. In this sense, according to the research carried out, it is considered very pertinent as a recommendation that the actors of the coffee chain consolidate themselves in such a way that a greater impact is generated in benefits to the coffee-growing population and specialty coffees
The agricultural development in relation to the cultivation of coffee undergoes changes that generate spaces for development and is an engine of the current economy of the country. The coffee sector is a fundamental pillar that has been transformed into crucial aspects such as clean and ecological production, mastery of brands and denominations of origin, application and technology transfer as in the case of applied research processes. Coffee production in the North Department of Santander has been a very important line, found in 36 municipalities out of a total of 40, distributed among 17,000 producing families and approximately 23,000 cultivated hectares. Of which 99% are small coffee growers (less than 5 hectares) that generate 28,224 direct jobs, figures from the Departmental Federation of Coffee Growers of North Santander. The SENA National Learning Service, through the CEDRUM Center in the Department, has been developing training that allows the transfer of knowledge and greater technical capacity of coffee growers. Since 2010, the technical program in Special Coffee Production has been established, specifically aimed at coffee growers to generate specialized technical knowledge that allows the increase in the planting and production of these special and denomination of origin coffees. The population of SENA graduates of the Specialty Coffee Production technician is characterized by being a rural population dedicated to agricultural activities, with greater depth in coffee production. On the other hand, it is perceived as a backward population with characteristics of low levels of education, low level of income and unemployment with many unsatisfied basic needs. Due to the aforementioned, it became necessary to establish the bases and new knowledge to determine if the training developed in the North Department of Santander of the Specialty Coffee Production technician generates a favorable socioeconomic impact on the graduates, which has an impact on the improvement of the capacities of coffee growers and improve the competitiveness in the national and international market of their production. To achieve this objective, it is necessary first to know the social factors, secondly to identify the economic factors that characterize the graduates of the program in order to analyze the socioeconomic impact on the graduates of the technical training in Specialty Coffee Production in the department of Norte de Santander - Colombia. , during the period 2016 to 2022. This research is guided by the positivist paradigm, with a quantitative approach, since the knowledge generation methodology is based on data analysis procedures such as those established in the exact sciences. The social gaps that still exist based on variables and parameters related to personal, socioeconomic and consequently family development, with low levels of education, are decisive. The income level of coffee growers is low compared to the profits in the specialty coffee market. In this sense, according to the research carried out, it is considered very pertinent as a recommendation that the actors of the coffee chain consolidate themselves in such a way that a greater impact is generated in benefits to the coffee-growing population and specialty coffees
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Factores socioeconómicos, Impacto socioeconómico, Cafés especiales, Formación SENA, Socioeconomic factors, Socioeconomic impact, Specialty coffees, SENA Training
