La justicia restaurativa en Colombia: un enfoque alternativo para la resolución de conflictos
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Leal Canedo, Rafael
Gómez, Harold Orlando
Gómez Ávila, Zharick
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Júridicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Júridicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: La justicia restaurativa busca reparar el daño, fomentar el diálogo y reintegrar a las personas, mostrando efectos positivos como menor reincidencia y mayor satisfacción de las víctimas (Castro, 2023). En Colombia, ganó relevancia tras el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016, aunque enfrenta retos legales, estructurales y culturales (Ballesteros & Vanegas, 2023). Objetivos: El estudio buscó analizar la aplicación de la justicia restaurativa en Colombia desde el Acuerdo de Paz de 2016, evaluando su impacto en la reincidencia y en la atención a las víctimas, así como identificar desafíos y oportunidades, conocer percepciones de los actores involucrados y proponer estrategias para fortalecer su institucionalización. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación fue cualitativa, exploratorio- descriptiva, con metodología sociojurídica y documental, usando análisis de contenido de normas, sentencias y documentos institucionales dentro del marco del paradigma histórico hermenéutico (Flick, 2018). Resultados: Los resultados indican avances de la justicia restaurativa en la justicia transicional mediante la JEP, facilitando reconciliación y reparación, aunque su implementación en la justicia ordinaria sigue siendo limitada por deficiencias en cobertura, capacitación y evaluación (Gaviria, Gómez & Rodríguez, 2021). La aplicación del modelo restaurativo en la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP)
permitió el desarrollo de mecanismos, la imposición de sanciones, el diseño de proyectos restaurativos y la conmemoración histórica condicionados a los Lineamientos de Justicia Restaurativa de 2019. En efecto, el fortalecimiento de este tipo de mecanismos y la prioridad a las víctimas, la asignación de responsabilidades y compromisos en pro de la reconciliación, la paz y la reparación integral de poblaciones vulnerables (Londoño, Martínez & Pérez, 2020).
Conclusiones: La justicia restaurativa en Colombia avanza en la JEP, pero su aplicación en la justicia ordinaria requiere compromiso institucional y políticas claras para promover paz y reconciliación (Calle & Ibarra, 2019).
Background: Restorative justice aims to repair harm, promote dialogue, and reintegrate individuals, showing positive effects such as reduced recidivism and increased victim satisfaction (Castro, 2023). In Colombia, it gained prominence after the 2016 Peace Agreement, although it still faces legal, structural, and cultural Challenges (Ballesteros & Vanegas, 2023). Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the application of restorative justice in Colombia since the 2016 Peace Agreement, assessing its impact on recidivism and victim support, identifying challenges and opportunities, understanding the perceptions of involved parties, and proposing strategies to strengthen its ins<titutionalization. Materials and methods: The research was qualitative, exploratory- descriptive, using a socio-legal and documentary methodology, with content analysis of laws, rulings, and institutional documents within the framework of the historical hermeneutic paradigm (Flick, 2018). Results: The results show progress in restorative justice within transitional justice through the JEP, facilitating reconciliation and reparation, although its implementation in ordinary justice remains limited due to gaps in coverage, training, and evaluation (Gaviria, Gómez & Rodríguez, 2021). The application of the restorative model in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) allowed for the development of mechanisms, the imposition of sanctions, the design of restorative projects, and historical commemoration, all in accordance with the 2019 Restorative Justice Guidelines. In effect, the strengthening of these types of mechanisms and the prioritization of victims, the assignment of responsibilities and commitments in favor of reconciliation, peace, and comprehensive reparation for vulnerable populations. Conclusions: Restorative justice in Colombia progresses in the JEP, but its implementation in ordinary justice requires institutional commitment and clear policies to promote peace and reconciliation (Calle & Ibarra, 2019).
Background: Restorative justice aims to repair harm, promote dialogue, and reintegrate individuals, showing positive effects such as reduced recidivism and increased victim satisfaction (Castro, 2023). In Colombia, it gained prominence after the 2016 Peace Agreement, although it still faces legal, structural, and cultural Challenges (Ballesteros & Vanegas, 2023). Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the application of restorative justice in Colombia since the 2016 Peace Agreement, assessing its impact on recidivism and victim support, identifying challenges and opportunities, understanding the perceptions of involved parties, and proposing strategies to strengthen its ins<titutionalization. Materials and methods: The research was qualitative, exploratory- descriptive, using a socio-legal and documentary methodology, with content analysis of laws, rulings, and institutional documents within the framework of the historical hermeneutic paradigm (Flick, 2018). Results: The results show progress in restorative justice within transitional justice through the JEP, facilitating reconciliation and reparation, although its implementation in ordinary justice remains limited due to gaps in coverage, training, and evaluation (Gaviria, Gómez & Rodríguez, 2021). The application of the restorative model in the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) allowed for the development of mechanisms, the imposition of sanctions, the design of restorative projects, and historical commemoration, all in accordance with the 2019 Restorative Justice Guidelines. In effect, the strengthening of these types of mechanisms and the prioritization of victims, the assignment of responsibilities and commitments in favor of reconciliation, peace, and comprehensive reparation for vulnerable populations. Conclusions: Restorative justice in Colombia progresses in the JEP, but its implementation in ordinary justice requires institutional commitment and clear policies to promote peace and reconciliation (Calle & Ibarra, 2019).
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Palabras clave
Conflicto, Justicia restaurativa, Reconciliación, Reincidencia, Reparación, Víctimas