Sistema de contravalores y destete precoz de la lactancia materna en adolescentes
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2020
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: En los países de ingresos altos, de cada cinco lactantes, menos de uno es
amamantado durante 12 meses, y en países de medianos y bajos ingresos, sólo dos de cada
tres niños entre los 6 meses y los 2 años de edad reciben leche materna. En este sentido las
intervenciones actuales de apoyo a la lactancia se encuentran encaminadas exclusivamente a
conseguir el aumento de las tasas de LM exclusiva (LME). Para el caso de Colombia el
panorama muestra un recorrido de experiencias para la aplicación de políticas públicas a
favor de la lactancia materna,
de esta forma la creación e implementación de estrategias
como: “Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia” (IAMI), política “De cero a siempre”
y el “Plan Decenal Lactancia Materna”, han buscado aunar esfuerzos en favor de la primera
Infancia en Colombia, con el fin de mejorar las prácticas de atención en salud y nutrición
materna e infantil para prolongar el tiempo de lactancia.
Objetivos: Analizar el sistema de contravalores para el destete precoz de la lactancia materna
en madres adolescentes usuarias de institución hospitalaria en Barranquilla 2019-2 a 2020-2
.
Metodología: Se desarrolló mediante enfoque positivista cuantitativo, buscando analizar
perfiles importantes de contravalores. Población: Madres Lactantes hospitalizadas, la
muestra se obtuvo por conveniencia representada por madres que mostraron indicios de
despreocupación, desinterés en ofrecer la lactancia materna a sus hijos. Se conformó por 20
madres adolescentes. Como criterios de inclusión se tuvo en cuenta a madres adolescentes,
madres con situación de destete durante algún momento del periodo de la lactancia materna;
fueron excluidas del estudio madres adolescentes que por enfermedad o discapacidad
destetaron durante el periodo de la lactancia materna. Se aplicó previamente asentimiento y
consentimiento informado siguiendo los principios de la resolución 08430 de 1993 del
Ministerio de Salud de Colombia y la resolución 2378 del 2008.
La técnica de recopilación de información fue en línea, vía internet, por barreras
interferidas por Emergencia humana Covid-19. Se aplicó instrumento escala Likert.
Este instrumento contenía cinco índices, en el primero se observaron datos generales (edad
por ciclo de la adolescencia, escolaridad, procedencia, procedencia, estado civil, número de
hijos, edad del infante actual, ingreso económico diario, existencia de trabajo, tipo de trabajo
actual), en el segundo el índice de motivación para la lactancia, en el tercer índice de
satisfacción durante la lactancia materna, en el cuarto índice de comunicación interna en pro
de la lactancia y por último quinto índice de identidad. Todos estos índices contaban con unas
preguntas con respuestas catalogadas de 1 a 5 (nunca, 1; casi nunca, 2; algunas veces, 3; casi
siempre, 4; y siempre, 5). Una vez recolectada la data se procedió a la codificación
cuantitativa y se procesaron los datos mediante el programa Microsoft Excel identificando
los menores puntajes en una escala de Bajo, Medio y Alta presencia del contravalor.
Resultados: El mayor porcentaje de las madres adolescentes con edades de 17-21 años
(80%) dando como evidencia que la mayoría de las madres son adolescentes y que un 65%
finalizaron sus estudios hasta secundaria, de igual manera el 95% de las participantes eran
Colombianas y la mayoría de estas madres solteras (50%). El 50% de las madres
adolescentes pertenecían a estrato 1, el 60% solo tienen 1 hijo y el mayor porcentaje de las
edades entre 12 y 15 meses de edad (50%). Así mismo, el 90% de las madres actualmente
no se encuentra laborando.
El 70% de las madres adolescentes nunca se sienten obligadas por su familia para
suministrarle la lactancia materna a su hijo, ese mismo 70% considera que los conflictos
con su pareja nunca desfavorece a la lactancia materna, y 80% de las madres siempre se
sienten satisfechas con la cantidad de leche que le aportaron al hijo. El 85% de las madres
adolescentes siempre se sintieron satisfecha con el tiempo que dedicaban para lactar.
Conclusiones: En contravalores se evidencia una debilidad en la comunicación y la
capacidad de informarse, es por ello que solo un 10% de las adolescentes del estudio se
interesan por nuevos saberes relacionados con la L.M., la comunicación de la madre
adolescente que lacta al hablarlo con su propia familia muestra un debilitamiento del 45%.
Desde la identidad de la lactancia un 35% muestra simplicidad de acciones al afrontar la
lactancia, así mismo un 20% considera que lactar no es una de las mejores experiencias
vividas para su ciclo vital y un 90% de las madres adolescentes se sienten orgullosas de haber
sobrepasado los seis meses de lactancia, en otras palabras, un 10% no siente orgullo de haber
sobrepasado este tiempo en lactancia
Background: In high-income countries, less than one infant is breastfed for 12 months, and in middle- and low-income countries, only two out of three children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years receive breast milk. In this regard, current breastfeeding support interventions are aimed exclusively at increasing rates of exclusive LM (SML). For the case of Colombia, the picture shows a tour of experiences for the implementation of public policies in favor of breastfeeding, thus creating and implementing strategies such as: “Women and Children’s Friendly Institutions” (IMCI), a “zero-to-all” policy and the “Tenyear Plan for Breastfeeding”, have sought to join efforts in favor of early childhood in Colombia, with the aim of improving health care practices and maternal and child nutrition to prolong the time of lactation. Objectives: To analyze the system of countervalues for the early weaning of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers who use a hospital institution in Barranquilla from 2019-2 to 2020-2 Materials and Methods: It was developed by means of a quantitative positivist approach, seeking to analyze important profiles of countervalues. Population: Hospitalized nursing mothers, the sample was obtained by convenience represented by mothers who showed signs of disconcern, disinterest in providing breastfeeding to their children. It was made up of 20 teenage mothers. The inclusion criteria included adolescent mothers, mothers with weaning status during some time of the breastfeeding period; adolescent mothers who weaned during the breastfeeding period due to illness or disability were excluded from the study. Prior assent and informed consent were applied in accordance with the principles of resolution 08430 of 1993 of the Ministry of Health of Colombia and resolution 2378 of 2008. The technique of gathering information was online, via the Internet, by barriers interfered by human emergency Covid-19. Likert scale instrument was applied. This instrument contained five indices, the first one showed general data (age by adolescent cycle, schooling, origin, origin, marital status, number of children, age of current infant, daily economic income, existence of work, type of current work), in the second the rate of motivation for breastfeeding, in the third rate of satisfaction during breastfeeding, in the fourth index of internal communication in favor of breastfeeding and finally fifth identity index. All of these indexes had questions with answers catalogd from 1 to 5 (never, 1; almost never, 2; sometimes, 3; almost always, 4; and always, 5). Once the data was collected, quantitative coding was carried out and the data was processed using the Microsoft Excel program identifying the lowest scores on a scale of Low, Medium, and High Convalor Presence. Results: The highest percentage of adolescent mothers aged 17-21 years (80%) showing that most mothers are adolescents and that 65% completed their studies until high school, Similarly, 95% of participants were Colombian and most of these single mothers (50%). 50% of adolescent mothers were stratum 1, 60% have only 1 children, and the highest percentage of ages between 12 and 15 months (50%). Likewise, 90% of mothers are not currently working. 70% of teenage mothers never feel compelled by their family to provide breastfeeding to their child, the same 70% believe that conflicts with their partner never disfavors breastfeeding. and 80% of mothers always feel satisfied with the amount of milk they gave to their child. 85% of teenage mothers were always satisfied with the time they spent breastfeeding. Conclusions: In contrast, there is a weakness in communication and the ability to be informed, that is why only 10% of the adolescents in the study are interested in new knowledge related to L.M., the communication of the teenage mother who lacta when talking to her own family shows a weakening of 45%. Since the identity of breastfeeding, 35% show simplicity of actions when faced with breastfeeding. likewise, 20% believe that breastfeeding is not one of the best experiences lived for their life cycle, and 90% of teenage mothers are proud to have exceeded six months of breastfeeding, in other words, 10% are not proud to have exceeded this breastfeeding time.
Background: In high-income countries, less than one infant is breastfed for 12 months, and in middle- and low-income countries, only two out of three children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years receive breast milk. In this regard, current breastfeeding support interventions are aimed exclusively at increasing rates of exclusive LM (SML). For the case of Colombia, the picture shows a tour of experiences for the implementation of public policies in favor of breastfeeding, thus creating and implementing strategies such as: “Women and Children’s Friendly Institutions” (IMCI), a “zero-to-all” policy and the “Tenyear Plan for Breastfeeding”, have sought to join efforts in favor of early childhood in Colombia, with the aim of improving health care practices and maternal and child nutrition to prolong the time of lactation. Objectives: To analyze the system of countervalues for the early weaning of breastfeeding in adolescent mothers who use a hospital institution in Barranquilla from 2019-2 to 2020-2 Materials and Methods: It was developed by means of a quantitative positivist approach, seeking to analyze important profiles of countervalues. Population: Hospitalized nursing mothers, the sample was obtained by convenience represented by mothers who showed signs of disconcern, disinterest in providing breastfeeding to their children. It was made up of 20 teenage mothers. The inclusion criteria included adolescent mothers, mothers with weaning status during some time of the breastfeeding period; adolescent mothers who weaned during the breastfeeding period due to illness or disability were excluded from the study. Prior assent and informed consent were applied in accordance with the principles of resolution 08430 of 1993 of the Ministry of Health of Colombia and resolution 2378 of 2008. The technique of gathering information was online, via the Internet, by barriers interfered by human emergency Covid-19. Likert scale instrument was applied. This instrument contained five indices, the first one showed general data (age by adolescent cycle, schooling, origin, origin, marital status, number of children, age of current infant, daily economic income, existence of work, type of current work), in the second the rate of motivation for breastfeeding, in the third rate of satisfaction during breastfeeding, in the fourth index of internal communication in favor of breastfeeding and finally fifth identity index. All of these indexes had questions with answers catalogd from 1 to 5 (never, 1; almost never, 2; sometimes, 3; almost always, 4; and always, 5). Once the data was collected, quantitative coding was carried out and the data was processed using the Microsoft Excel program identifying the lowest scores on a scale of Low, Medium, and High Convalor Presence. Results: The highest percentage of adolescent mothers aged 17-21 years (80%) showing that most mothers are adolescents and that 65% completed their studies until high school, Similarly, 95% of participants were Colombian and most of these single mothers (50%). 50% of adolescent mothers were stratum 1, 60% have only 1 children, and the highest percentage of ages between 12 and 15 months (50%). Likewise, 90% of mothers are not currently working. 70% of teenage mothers never feel compelled by their family to provide breastfeeding to their child, the same 70% believe that conflicts with their partner never disfavors breastfeeding. and 80% of mothers always feel satisfied with the amount of milk they gave to their child. 85% of teenage mothers were always satisfied with the time they spent breastfeeding. Conclusions: In contrast, there is a weakness in communication and the ability to be informed, that is why only 10% of the adolescents in the study are interested in new knowledge related to L.M., the communication of the teenage mother who lacta when talking to her own family shows a weakening of 45%. Since the identity of breastfeeding, 35% show simplicity of actions when faced with breastfeeding. likewise, 20% believe that breastfeeding is not one of the best experiences lived for their life cycle, and 90% of teenage mothers are proud to have exceeded six months of breastfeeding, in other words, 10% are not proud to have exceeded this breastfeeding time.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sistema contravalores, Destete precoz, Lactancia materna, Value system, Early weaning, Breastfeeding
