Voces silenciadas: la estigmatización social en la reintegración y acceso a oportunidades de mujeres cónyuges de victimarios del conflicto armado
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Duran Vilches, Brigith
Ardila Umaña, Camila
Bermúdez Villamizar, Valentina
Fernando Jaimes, Iván
Laiton Daza, Sergio
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El proyecto Voces Silenciadas aborda la problemática de la estigmatización social que sufren las mujeres cónyuges o parejas de victimarios del conflicto armado colombiano, especialmente en los departamentos de Arauca y Sur de Bolívar, regiones históricamente afectadas por la violencia. Estas mujeres enfrentan un doble proceso de exclusión, por un lado, las consecuencias directas del conflicto armado, por otro, el rechazo social por su relación con los
actores armados. Este estigma obstaculiza su reintegración social y su acceso a oportunidades económicas, educativas y de participación ciudadana.
La investigación se desarrolla desde un paradigma interpretativo, un enfoque cualitativo y bajo el diseño de estudio de caso, empleando técnicas como la entrevista a profundidad, la historia de vida y la cartografía corporal. El análisis se fundamenta en teorías de autores como Erving Goffman, quien conceptualiza el estigma y el estigma afiliativo; Pierre Bourdieu, con su noción de poder simbólico y violencia simbólica; y Michel Foucault, con el biopoder y la vigilancia social. También se integran perspectivas de género (Scott, Segato, Lugones), justicia transicional (Teitel) y memoria histórica (Ricoeur).
Los resultados revelan que estas mujeres son percibidas socialmente como “cómplices” o “extensiones” de los victimarios, lo que genera discriminación estructural y exclusión de programas de reintegración y reparación. El poder simbólico refuerza este rechazo, imponiendo narrativas que las despojan de su identidad individual y las ubican en una posición de subordinación moral y económica. La colonialidad del poder, las desigualdades de género
agravan su situación, especialmente en zonas donde las oportunidades son escasas.
The Silenced Voices project addresses the problem of social stigmatization suffered by women who are spouses or partners of perpetrators in the Colombian armed conflict, especially in the departments of Arauca and southern Bolívar, regions historically affected by violence. These women face a double process of exclusion: on the one hand, the direct consequences of the armed conflict, and on the other, social rejection due to their relationship with armed actors. This stigma hinders their social reintegration and their access to economic, educational, and civic participation opportunities. The research is developed from an interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and a case study design, employing techniques such as in-depth interviews, life histories, and body mapping. The analysis is based on the theories of authors such as Erving Goffman, who conceptualizes stigma and affiliative stigma; Pierre Bourdieu, with his notion of symbolic power and symbolic violence; and Michel Foucault, with biopower and social surveillance. Gender perspectives (Scott, Segato, Lugones), transitional justice (Teitel), and historical memory (Ricoeur) are also integrated. The results reveal that these and women are socially perceived as “accomplices” or “extensions” of the perpetrators, which generates structural discrimination and exclusion from reintegration and reparation programs. Symbolic power reinforces this rejection, imposing narratives that strip them of their individual identity and place them in a position of moral and economic subordination. The coloniality of power and gender inequalities exacerbate their situation, especially in rural areas where employment and educational opportunities are scarce. The study concludes that social stigmatization a form constitutes.
The Silenced Voices project addresses the problem of social stigmatization suffered by women who are spouses or partners of perpetrators in the Colombian armed conflict, especially in the departments of Arauca and southern Bolívar, regions historically affected by violence. These women face a double process of exclusion: on the one hand, the direct consequences of the armed conflict, and on the other, social rejection due to their relationship with armed actors. This stigma hinders their social reintegration and their access to economic, educational, and civic participation opportunities. The research is developed from an interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative approach and a case study design, employing techniques such as in-depth interviews, life histories, and body mapping. The analysis is based on the theories of authors such as Erving Goffman, who conceptualizes stigma and affiliative stigma; Pierre Bourdieu, with his notion of symbolic power and symbolic violence; and Michel Foucault, with biopower and social surveillance. Gender perspectives (Scott, Segato, Lugones), transitional justice (Teitel), and historical memory (Ricoeur) are also integrated. The results reveal that these and women are socially perceived as “accomplices” or “extensions” of the perpetrators, which generates structural discrimination and exclusion from reintegration and reparation programs. Symbolic power reinforces this rejection, imposing narratives that strip them of their individual identity and place them in a position of moral and economic subordination. The coloniality of power and gender inequalities exacerbate their situation, especially in rural areas where employment and educational opportunities are scarce. The study concludes that social stigmatization a form constitutes.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Estigmatización, Poder simbólico, Violencia, Genero e Integración social
