Revisión integrativa de la literatura: gestión del sistema de salud en Colombia, Guatemala y Perú (2020 – 2024)
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Angulo Ledesma, Diana Carolina
Barreto Saucedo, José Mario
Márquez Gómez, Angélica María
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Introducción: Los sistemas de salud de América Latina enfrentan desafíos estructurales complejos caracterizados por fragmentación institucional, segmentación poblacional y subfinanciamiento crónico. Colombia, Guatemala y Perú representan tres modelos diferenciados de gestión sanitaria cuyo análisis comparativo permite identificar patrones comunes y especificidades nacionales en el logro de la cobertura universal. El período 2020–2024 resulta particularmente relevante por comprender ciclos políticos completos, reformas estructurales en discusión y el impacto de indicadores claves de salud pública sobre los sistemas de salud de la región.
Objetivos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura con el objetivo general de analizar la gestión de los sistemas de salud en Colombia, Guatemala y Perú durante el período 2020–2024. Los objetivos específicos fueron: describir los modelos de sistemas de salud implementados en los tres países; identificar los enfoques y estrategias de gestión sanitaria reportados en la literatura; y comparar la gestión de los sistemas considerando acceso, cobertura, eficiencia y coordinación institucional.
Introduction: Health systems in Latin America face complex structural challenges characterized by institutional fragmentation, population segmentation, and chronic underfunding. Colombia, Guatemala, and Peru represent three differentiated health management models whose comparative analysis enables the identification of common patterns and national specificities in achieving universal coverage. The 2020–2024 period is particularly relevant as it encompasses complete political cycles, structural reforms under discussion, the impact of public health indicators on the region's health systems. Objectives: An integrative literature review was conducted with the general objective of analyzing health system management in Colombia, Guatemala, and Peru during the 2020–2024 period. Specific objectives were to describe the health system models implemented in the three countries; to identify the health management approaches and strategies reported in the literature; and to compare health system management considering access, coverage, efficiency, and institutional coordination.
Introduction: Health systems in Latin America face complex structural challenges characterized by institutional fragmentation, population segmentation, and chronic underfunding. Colombia, Guatemala, and Peru represent three differentiated health management models whose comparative analysis enables the identification of common patterns and national specificities in achieving universal coverage. The 2020–2024 period is particularly relevant as it encompasses complete political cycles, structural reforms under discussion, the impact of public health indicators on the region's health systems. Objectives: An integrative literature review was conducted with the general objective of analyzing health system management in Colombia, Guatemala, and Peru during the 2020–2024 period. Specific objectives were to describe the health system models implemented in the three countries; to identify the health management approaches and strategies reported in the literature; and to compare health system management considering access, coverage, efficiency, and institutional coordination.
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Sistemas de salud, Revisión integrativa, Gestión sanitaria, Bloques constitutivos OMS, América Latina, Cobertura universal, Acceso efectivo