Contribución de la sociedad en la reinserción de pandilleros, respeto a los DD.HH; sin vulnerar la seguridad pública
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Donado Osorio, German José
Alba Torrenegra, Felipe Andrés
Piña Muñoz, Camilo Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Las pandillas en Colombia, surgidas principalmente en zonas urbanas marginadas desde los
años 80, han evolucionado de agrupaciones juveniles a estructuras vinculadas al crimen
organizado. Este fenómeno se ha desarrollado en un contexto de conflicto armado,
narcotráfico y violencia estructural que ha marcado al país durante décadas. Frente a la
complejidad del problema, se evidencia la necesidad de modelos de reinserción social
que equilibren la garantía de derechos humanos con la protección de la seguridad pública.
A nivel internacional, experiencias como las de El Salvador y Sudáfrica muestran respuestas
diversas, desde la represión hasta la rehabilitación integral. En Colombia, ejemplos como
el de la Comuna 13 en Medellín destacan la eficacia de intervenciones sociales basadas
en la educación, la cultura y la participación comunitaria.
Este ensayo plantea como pregunta central cómo pueden los distintos actores sociales —el
Estado, la sociedad civil y el sector privado— contribuir a una reintegración efectiva de
ex-pandilleros. La propuesta busca promover un enfoque multidisciplinario y ético que
permita construir una sociedad más justa, segura e inclusiva.
Gangs in Colombia, which have emerged mainly in marginalized urban areas since the 1980s, have evolved from youth groups to structures linked to organized crime. This phenomenon has developed in a context of armed conflict, drug trafficking and structural violence that has marked the country for decades. Faced with the complexity of the problem, the need for social reintegration models that balance the guarantee of human rights with the protection of public security is evident. At the international level, experiences such as those of El Salvador and South Africa show diverse responses, from repression to comprehensive rehabilitation. In Colombia, examples such as Commune 13 in Medellín highlight the effectiveness of social interventions based on education, culture and community participation. This essay raises as a central question how the different social actors - the State, civil society and the private sector - can contribute to an effective reintegration of former gang members. The proposal seeks to promote a multidisciplinary and ethical approach that allows building a fairer, safer and more inclusive society.
Gangs in Colombia, which have emerged mainly in marginalized urban areas since the 1980s, have evolved from youth groups to structures linked to organized crime. This phenomenon has developed in a context of armed conflict, drug trafficking and structural violence that has marked the country for decades. Faced with the complexity of the problem, the need for social reintegration models that balance the guarantee of human rights with the protection of public security is evident. At the international level, experiences such as those of El Salvador and South Africa show diverse responses, from repression to comprehensive rehabilitation. In Colombia, examples such as Commune 13 in Medellín highlight the effectiveness of social interventions based on education, culture and community participation. This essay raises as a central question how the different social actors - the State, civil society and the private sector - can contribute to an effective reintegration of former gang members. The proposal seeks to promote a multidisciplinary and ethical approach that allows building a fairer, safer and more inclusive society.
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Palabras clave
Pandillas, Reinserción social, Derechos humanos, Seguridad pública, Colombia, Conflicto armado, Crimen organizado, Sociedad civil, Prevención del delito, Participación comunitaria
