Prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas con diagnóstico prenatal en una IPS de la ciudad de Bucaramanga
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Rosas Arévalo, Daniela Alejandra
Carrascal Arenas, Marisol
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Las cardiopatías congénitas constituyen una anomalía grave que compromete al corazón o a los grandes vasos intratorácicos que presentan o potencialmente tienen el riesgo de un compromiso funcional miocárdico, en trastornos de oxigenación y perfusión posterior al nacimiento. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de cardiopatías congénitas con diagnóstico prenatal en una IPS de la ciudad de Bucaramanga.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio tipo descriptivo de corte transversal y retrospectivo que permite observar la realidad existente, describir los procesos y resultados obtenidos basados en reportes de ecocardiografía fetal de una IPS de la ciudad de Bucaramanga y datos telefónicos obtenidos a través de llamadas telefónicas. Estos datos se consolidaron en una base de datos de Excel, la cual se utilizó para sacar cada uno de los resultados.
Resultados: La cardiopatía más prevalente en la población estudiada fue la comunicación interventricular. Dentro de los hallazgos ecográficos a nivel prenatal que llevaron al diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita fueron la sospecha de anormalidad estructural, regurgitación tricuspídea y anormalidad en el ductus venoso como las principales indicaciones. Las gestantes que se encontraban entre los 26 a 35 años, fueron a quienes se les indicó la realización de ecocardiogramas fetales, el antecedente con hijo de cardiopatía congénita tuvo mayor porcentaje como factor de riesgo que el antecedente personal de cardiopatía congénita, y pese a que la prevalencia de cardiopatía asociada a diabetes fue mínima, como indicación tanto la diabetes gestacional como la diabetes gestacional, presentaron un gran porcentaje. La mayoría de sospecha diagnóstica de cardiopatías congénitas se realizó en segundo trimestre a través de la ecografía de detalle anatómico.
Conclusión: El tamizaje tanto de primer como de segundo trimestre por medio de la ecografía de tamizaje genético y de detalle anatómico, permiten la sospecha de cardiopatías congénitas en la población general, lo que lleva a realización de ecocardiograma fetal como método diagnóstico de cardiopatías congénitas antenatales.
Congenital heart diseases constitute a serious anomaly that compromises the heart or the large intrathoracic vessels that present or potentially have the risk of myocardial functional compromise, in oxygenation and perfusion disorders after birth. Objective: Determine the prevalence of congenital heart diseases with prenatal diagnosis in an IPS in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study that allows observing the existing reality, describing the processes and results obtained based on fetal echocardiography reports from an IPS in the city of Bucaramanga and telephone data obtained through telephone calls. These data were consolidated in an Excel database, which was used to obtain each of the results. Results: The most prevalent heart disease in the studied population was ventricular septal defect. Among the prenatal ultrasound findings that led to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease were the suspicion of structural abnormality, tricuspid regurgitation and abnormality in the ductus venosus as the main indications. Pregnant women who were between 26 and 35 years old were those who were indicated to perform fetal echocardiograms; the history of congenital heart disease with their child had a higher percentage as a risk factor than the personal history of congenital heart disease, and although The prevalence of heart disease associated with diabetes was minimal; as an indication, both gestational diabetes and gestational diabetes presented a large percentage. The majority of suspected diagnoses of congenital heart disease were made in the second trimester through anatomical detail ultrasound. Conclusion: Screening in both the first and second trimester through ultrasound for genetic screening and anatomical detail allows the suspicion of congenital heart disease in the general population, which leads to fetal echocardiography as a diagnostic method for prenatal congenital heart disease.
Congenital heart diseases constitute a serious anomaly that compromises the heart or the large intrathoracic vessels that present or potentially have the risk of myocardial functional compromise, in oxygenation and perfusion disorders after birth. Objective: Determine the prevalence of congenital heart diseases with prenatal diagnosis in an IPS in the city of Bucaramanga. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study that allows observing the existing reality, describing the processes and results obtained based on fetal echocardiography reports from an IPS in the city of Bucaramanga and telephone data obtained through telephone calls. These data were consolidated in an Excel database, which was used to obtain each of the results. Results: The most prevalent heart disease in the studied population was ventricular septal defect. Among the prenatal ultrasound findings that led to the diagnosis of congenital heart disease were the suspicion of structural abnormality, tricuspid regurgitation and abnormality in the ductus venosus as the main indications. Pregnant women who were between 26 and 35 years old were those who were indicated to perform fetal echocardiograms; the history of congenital heart disease with their child had a higher percentage as a risk factor than the personal history of congenital heart disease, and although The prevalence of heart disease associated with diabetes was minimal; as an indication, both gestational diabetes and gestational diabetes presented a large percentage. The majority of suspected diagnoses of congenital heart disease were made in the second trimester through anatomical detail ultrasound. Conclusion: Screening in both the first and second trimester through ultrasound for genetic screening and anatomical detail allows the suspicion of congenital heart disease in the general population, which leads to fetal echocardiography as a diagnostic method for prenatal congenital heart disease.
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Palabras clave
Cardiopatía congénita, Tamizaje de cardiopatía, Ecocardiografía fetal, Congenital heart disease, Heart disease screening, Fetal echocardiography
