Perfil neuropsicológico en paciente pediátrico con epilepsia
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Borja Vargas, Heidy Milena
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Introducción:Este estudio se centra en la evaluación del perfil neuropsicológico de un paciente pediátrico de 12 años diagnosticado con epilepsia. La epilepsia, considerada como una afectación de redes neuronales específicas, puede llevar a diversas secuelas cognitivas graves dependiendo del nivel de desarrollo cognitivo del paciente. Investigaciones previas han mostrado que los síntomas de la epilepsia en edades tempranas están asociados con un deterioro significativo en la memoria y el aprendizaje.
Método: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo empírico-analítico, aplicando diversas pruebas neuropsicológicas a un niño de 12 años que cursaba la educación primaria en Barranquilla. Las herramientas utilizadas incluyeron el Test de Aprendizaje y Memoria Verbal Infantil (TAMV-1) para evaluar la memoria, el Test de Fluidez Verbal para el lenguaje, y la Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia para Niños – IV, que mide diversas funciones ejecutivas y cognitivas (vocabulario, semejanzas, matrices, retención de dígitos, búsqueda de símbolos y la prueba Clave B). Además, se utilizó el Trail Making Test (Parte A y B) para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas.
Resultados:Los resultados indicaron un desempeño bajo en la prueba de memoria, con puntajes entre 5 (mínimo posible) y 30 (rango normal bajo). En el área del lenguaje, el paciente mostró un rendimiento promedio normal bajo, con puntajes entre 15 (rango bajo) y 40 (rango normal). Las pruebas de funciones ejecutivas mostraron un rendimiento bajo en diversas categorías evaluadas con la Escala Wechsler, siendo 19 el puntaje más alto (búsqueda de símbolos) y 4 el más bajo (vocabulario). En el Trail Making Test, el paciente obtuvo un puntaje de 40 en la Parte B (dentro de los parámetros normales) y 5 en la Parte A (percentil bajo), indicando deficiencias en las funciones ejecutivas.
Introduction This study focuses on the neuropsychological profile assessment of a 12-year-old pediatric patient diagnosed with epilepsy. Epilepsy, considered as an impairment of specific neural networks, can lead to various severe cognitive sequelae depending on the patient's cognitive development level. Previous research has shown that early onset of epilepsy symptoms is associated with significant deterioration in memory and learning. Method An empirical-analytical quantitative approach was employed, applying various neuropsychological tests to a 12-year-old child attending primary school in Barranquilla. The tools used included the Children's Verbal Learning and Memory Test (TAMV-1) for memory evaluation, the Verbal Fluency Test for language, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – IV, which measures various executive and cognitive functions (vocabulary, similarities, matrices, digit span, symbol search, and the Coding subtest). Additionally, the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B) was used to assess executive functions. Results The results indicated low performance in the memory test, with scores ranging from 5 (minimum possible) to 30 (low normal range). In the language area, the patient showed an average low normal performance, with scores ranging from 15 (low range) to 40 (normal range). The executive function tests showed low performance in various categories evaluated with the Wechsler Scale, with 19 being the highest score (symbol search) and 4 the lowest (vocabulary). In the Trail Making Test, the patient scored 40 in Part B (within normal parameters) and 5 in Part A (low percentile), indicating deficiencies in executive functions.
Introduction This study focuses on the neuropsychological profile assessment of a 12-year-old pediatric patient diagnosed with epilepsy. Epilepsy, considered as an impairment of specific neural networks, can lead to various severe cognitive sequelae depending on the patient's cognitive development level. Previous research has shown that early onset of epilepsy symptoms is associated with significant deterioration in memory and learning. Method An empirical-analytical quantitative approach was employed, applying various neuropsychological tests to a 12-year-old child attending primary school in Barranquilla. The tools used included the Children's Verbal Learning and Memory Test (TAMV-1) for memory evaluation, the Verbal Fluency Test for language, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – IV, which measures various executive and cognitive functions (vocabulary, similarities, matrices, digit span, symbol search, and the Coding subtest). Additionally, the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B) was used to assess executive functions. Results The results indicated low performance in the memory test, with scores ranging from 5 (minimum possible) to 30 (low normal range). In the language area, the patient showed an average low normal performance, with scores ranging from 15 (low range) to 40 (normal range). The executive function tests showed low performance in various categories evaluated with the Wechsler Scale, with 19 being the highest score (symbol search) and 4 the lowest (vocabulary). In the Trail Making Test, the patient scored 40 in Part B (within normal parameters) and 5 in Part A (low percentile), indicating deficiencies in executive functions.
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Palabras clave
Epilepsia, Niños, Memoria, Lenguaje, Funciones ejecutivas, Estudio de Caso
