Intervención desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor con respuestas de ansiedad y problemas familiares en una adolescente: un estudio de caso
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Jorge Hoyos, Claudia Patricia
Sosa Lalinde, Geraldine
Molina Calderón, María Auxiliadora
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La depresión mayor, un trastorno de salud mental de alta prevalencia a nivel global, representa un desafío significativo debido a su frecuente coexistencia con otros trastornos. Se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, generando una carga económica, social y emocional considerable. Este estudio de caso se centra en detallar el proceso terapéutico basado en el modelo cognitivo-comportamental con una paciente que presenta comorbilidad de trastorno depresivo mayor, ansiedad y dificultades familiares. El desarrollo de la intervención psicoterapéutica se desarrolló a lo largo de seis sesiones distribuidas en dos fases distintas: una fase inicial de evaluación y una segunda etapa enfocada en el diseño e implementación de estrategias terapéuticas para abordar los diagnósticos identificados en la paciente. El estudio empleó diversas herramientas de evaluación psicométrica, incluyendo el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-2), el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (Hopelessness Scale, HS) y el Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young, YSQ-L2. Estas escalas se utilizaron para medir y monitorear la evolución de los síntomas, conductas y creencias asociadas con los trastornos diagnosticados. Los resultados evidenciaron una notable disminución en la sintomatología inicial que motivó la consulta, así como un aumento en la adopción de conductas adaptativas para afrontar la depresión, sentimientos de minusvalía, desesperanza y factores desencadenantes. Además, la intervención logró proporcionar a la paciente una comprensión más profunda y completa de su diagnóstico y la complejidad que abarca su historia de vida. Esta comprensión contribuyó significativamente a una reevaluación cognitiva de sus sistemas de creencias, promoviendo una cognición más flexible y adaptativa. El propósito fundamental de este estudio de caso radica en ofrecer evidencia científica y práctica a los profesionales de la salud mental, así como a estudiantes y expertos interesados en comprender y tratar los trastornos
mencionados. La descripción detallada del proceso terapéutico y los resultados obtenidos pretenden enriquecer el conocimiento existente en el campo, proporcionando orientación útil para mejorar la práctica clínica y las estrategias de intervención psicoterapéutica en casos similares.
Major depression, a highly prevalent mental health disorder globally, poses a significant challenge due to its frequent coexistence with other disorders. It has emerged as a public health issue, leading to considerable economic, social, and emotional burdens. This case study focuses on detailing the therapeutic process based on the cognitive-behavioral model with a patient presenting comorbid major depressive disorder, anxiety, and family difficulties. The development of the psychotherapeutic intervention unfolded across six sessions divided into two distinct phases: an initial evaluation phase and a subsequent stage concentrated on designing and implementing therapeutic strategies to address the identified diagnoses in the patient. The study utilized various psychometric assessment tools, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hopelessness Scale (HS), and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-L2). These scales were used to measure and monitor the evolution of symptoms, behaviors, and beliefs associated with the diagnosed disorders. The results demonstrated a notable decrease in the initial symptomatology that prompted the consultation, alongside an increase in the adoption of adaptive behaviors to confront depression, feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and triggering factors. Furthermore, the intervention succeeded in providing the patient with a deeper and comprehensive understanding of her diagnosis and the complexity encompassing her life history. This understanding significantly contributed to a cognitive reassessment of her belief systems, fostering a more flexible and adaptive cognition. The primary purpose of this case study is to offer scientific and practical evidence to mental health professionals, students, and experts interested in understanding and treating the disorders. The detailed description of the therapeutic process and the obtained results aim to enrich existing knowledge in the field, providing valuable guidance to enhance clinical practice and psychotherapeutic intervention strategies in similar cases.
Major depression, a highly prevalent mental health disorder globally, poses a significant challenge due to its frequent coexistence with other disorders. It has emerged as a public health issue, leading to considerable economic, social, and emotional burdens. This case study focuses on detailing the therapeutic process based on the cognitive-behavioral model with a patient presenting comorbid major depressive disorder, anxiety, and family difficulties. The development of the psychotherapeutic intervention unfolded across six sessions divided into two distinct phases: an initial evaluation phase and a subsequent stage concentrated on designing and implementing therapeutic strategies to address the identified diagnoses in the patient. The study utilized various psychometric assessment tools, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hopelessness Scale (HS), and Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-L2). These scales were used to measure and monitor the evolution of symptoms, behaviors, and beliefs associated with the diagnosed disorders. The results demonstrated a notable decrease in the initial symptomatology that prompted the consultation, alongside an increase in the adoption of adaptive behaviors to confront depression, feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and triggering factors. Furthermore, the intervention succeeded in providing the patient with a deeper and comprehensive understanding of her diagnosis and the complexity encompassing her life history. This understanding significantly contributed to a cognitive reassessment of her belief systems, fostering a more flexible and adaptive cognition. The primary purpose of this case study is to offer scientific and practical evidence to mental health professionals, students, and experts interested in understanding and treating the disorders. The detailed description of the therapeutic process and the obtained results aim to enrich existing knowledge in the field, providing valuable guidance to enhance clinical practice and psychotherapeutic intervention strategies in similar cases.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno de depresión mayor, Violencia doméstica, Ansiedad, Problemas familiares, Intervención, Salud mental, Suicidio, Cognitivo-Comportamental, Major Depressive Disorder, Domestic violence, Anxiety, Family Problems, Intervention, Mental Health, Suicide, Cognitive-Behavioral
