Análisis de las prescripciones de medicamentos ansiolíticos en pacientes con trastornos mentales y del comportamiento en una institución de salud de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Arévalo Morales, Gabriel Ángel
Silva Mejía, Moisés Andrés
Velásquez Jiménez, Jesús Ernesto
Villareal Salazar, Samuel David
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Introducción: Los medicamentos ansiolíticos son frecuentemente prescritos para tratar trastornos mentales como la ansiedad y la depresión, actuando sobre neurotransmisores como el GABA (ácido gamma-aminobutírico) y la serotonina. Aunque su uso es efectivo, el tratamiento prolongado puede llevar a la tolerancia, dependencia y otros efectos adversos, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables como los adultos mayores. En Colombia, su utilización está regulada debido a los riesgos asociados al uso de estos. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es analizar las prescripciones de ansiolíticos en pacientes con trastornos mentales atendidos en una institución de salud durante el mes de mayo de 2024, evaluando su relación con los diagnósticos y características sociodemográficas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal. Se recopiló información de pacientes con diagnóstico según la CEI 10 (Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades y Trastornos relacionados con la Salud Mental) que recibieron prescripción de ansiolíticos en mayo de 2024. Se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para asegurar la relevancia de los datos analizados, procesando la información en una hoja de cálculo. Resultados: De un total de 1885 registros, 620 pacientes presentaban trastornos mentales. La mayoría eran adultos (66%) y el 68% eran mujeres. El nivel educativo predominante fue básico primario (28.44%). La ansiedad y depresión fueron los trastornos más comunes (81%), pero solo el 10% de estos pacientes recibió prescripción de ansiolíticos, lo que indica una posible subutilización. Conclusión: El estudio revela una alta prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión, junto con una baja tasa de prescripción de ansiolíticos. Esto sugiere la necesidad de un manejo más adecuado. Se recomienda implementar programas de apoyo y prevención para mejorar la atención de la salud mental en la población estudiada y abordar los factores que influyen en el consumo de ansiolíticos.
Introduction: Anxiolytics are frequently prescribed to treat mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, acting on neurotransmitters such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and serotonin. Although their use is effective, prolonged treatment can lead to tolerance, dependence and other adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. In Colombia, its use is regulated due to the associated risks. Objective: The objective of the study is to analyze the prescriptions of anxiolytics in patients with mental disorders attended in a health institution during the month of May 2024, evaluating their relationship with diagnoses and sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted. Information was collected from patients with a diagnosis according to the IEC 10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) who were prescribed anxiolytics in May 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the relevance of the data analyzed, processing the information in a spreadsheet. Results: Of a total of 1885 records, 620 patients had mental disorders. The majority were adults (66%) and 68% were women. The predominant educational level was primary school (28.44%). Anxiety and depression were the most common disorders (81%), but only 10% of these patients were prescribed anxiolytics, indicating a possible underutilization. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, together with a low rate of anxiolytic prescription. This suggests the need for more appropriate management and education on the use of these medications. It is recommended that support and prevention programs be implemented to improve mental health care in the population studied and to address the factors that influence the consumption of anxiolytics.
Introduction: Anxiolytics are frequently prescribed to treat mental disorders such as anxiety and depression, acting on neurotransmitters such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and serotonin. Although their use is effective, prolonged treatment can lead to tolerance, dependence and other adverse effects, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. In Colombia, its use is regulated due to the associated risks. Objective: The objective of the study is to analyze the prescriptions of anxiolytics in patients with mental disorders attended in a health institution during the month of May 2024, evaluating their relationship with diagnoses and sociodemographic characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted. Information was collected from patients with a diagnosis according to the IEC 10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) who were prescribed anxiolytics in May 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the relevance of the data analyzed, processing the information in a spreadsheet. Results: Of a total of 1885 records, 620 patients had mental disorders. The majority were adults (66%) and 68% were women. The predominant educational level was primary school (28.44%). Anxiety and depression were the most common disorders (81%), but only 10% of these patients were prescribed anxiolytics, indicating a possible underutilization. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, together with a low rate of anxiolytic prescription. This suggests the need for more appropriate management and education on the use of these medications. It is recommended that support and prevention programs be implemented to improve mental health care in the population studied and to address the factors that influence the consumption of anxiolytics.
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Palabras clave
Trastornos Mentales, Prescripción de medicamentos, Ansiolíticos, Pacientes, Sociodemográficos
