Caídas en el adulto mayor en tiempos de COVID-19 en Barranquilla - Colombia
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Rúa Rojas, Lady
Peluffo, María Fernanda
Jiménez, Salvador Isaac
Mora, Geraldine
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: Teniendo en cuenta la actual crisis sanitaria que ha dejado el
COVID-19, durante la cual se ha visto reducida la movilidad de las personas, el
riesgo a sufrir caídas puede ser alto. Según la organización mundial de la salud en
su concepto biológico, el envejecimiento es la consecuencia de la acumulación de
una gran variedad de daños moleculares y celulares a lo largo del tiempo, durante
este se presenta una problemática de mucho cuidado como son las caídas,
convirtiéndose en uno de los principales problemas de salud pública. La vejez se
caracteriza por cambios producidos por la interrelación entre factores intrínsecos y
extrínsecos, protectores o agresores (factores de riesgo) a lo largo de la vida
manifestándose en descensos en el estado de salud, terminando en el deterioro
funcional. Las caídas en el adulto mayor pueden ser definidas como cualquier
evento involuntario en el cual hay pérdida del equilibrio, y como consecuencia el
cuerpo cae al suelo o sobre una superficie firme, la mayoría de estas se producen
en lugares cerrados. Es importante saber que las caídas son la segunda causa de
muerte por lesiones accidentales, a nivel mundial 646,000 personas mueren por
consecuencia de estas y más del 80% ocurren en países en vías de desarrollo. Las
caídas en los adultos mayores suelen ser multifactoriales, representando un
fenómeno traumático, que genera consecuencias leves como contusiones, hasta
graves como fracturas y discapacidad; afectando la funcionalidad y en los casos
más graves pueden conducir a la muerte, convirtiéndose en un problema importante
de salud pública. En cuanto a caídas recurrentes respecto al género, se dice que
las mujeres presentan mayor cantidad de caídas recurrentes y entre los factores
que más favorecen las caídas se encuentran: factores orgánicos como tener mayor
edad, la función propioceptiva, vestibular y visual, y las patologías asociadas,
factores ambientales en el domicilio, la calle y medios de transporte y factores
circunstanciales relacionados con la vida cotidiana. Con las actuales circunstancias
de restricciones de la movilidad por la pandemia y distanciamiento social, la
inactividad física trae consecuencias negativas como la descalcificación ósea y una
disminución de la masa muscular componiendo un factor de riesgo alto para la salud
física, principalmente en este grupo etario.
Background: Taking into account the current health crisis left by COVID-19, during which people's mobility has been reduced, the risk of suffering falls can be high. According to the World Health Organization in its biological concept, aging is the consequence of the accumulation of a great variety of molecular and cellular damage over time, during which falls are a very serious problem, becoming one of the main public health problems. Old age is characterized by changes produced by the interrelation between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, protectors or aggressors (risk factors) throughout life, manifesting in declines in the state of health, ending in functional deterioration. Falls in the elderly can be defined as any involuntary event in which there is loss of balance, and as a consequence the body falls to the ground or on a firm surface, most of these occur in closed places. It is important to know that falls are the second leading cause of death due to accidental injuries, worldwide 646,000 people die as a result of these and more than 80% occur in developing countries. Falls in older adults are usually multifactorial, representing a traumatic phenomenon, which generates mild consequences such as contusions, to serious ones such as fractures and disability; affecting functionality and in the most serious cases can lead to death, becoming an important public health problem. Regarding recurrent falls with respect to gender, it is said that women present a greater number of recurrent falls and among the factors that most favor falls are: organic factors such as older age, proprioceptive, vestibular and visual function, and associated pathologies, environmental factors in the home, the street and means of transportation, and circumstantial factors related to daily life. With the current circumstances of mobility restrictions due to the pandemic and social distancing, physical inactivity brings negative consequences such as bone decalcification and a decrease in muscle mass, making up a high risk factor for physical health, mainly in this age group.
Background: Taking into account the current health crisis left by COVID-19, during which people's mobility has been reduced, the risk of suffering falls can be high. According to the World Health Organization in its biological concept, aging is the consequence of the accumulation of a great variety of molecular and cellular damage over time, during which falls are a very serious problem, becoming one of the main public health problems. Old age is characterized by changes produced by the interrelation between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, protectors or aggressors (risk factors) throughout life, manifesting in declines in the state of health, ending in functional deterioration. Falls in the elderly can be defined as any involuntary event in which there is loss of balance, and as a consequence the body falls to the ground or on a firm surface, most of these occur in closed places. It is important to know that falls are the second leading cause of death due to accidental injuries, worldwide 646,000 people die as a result of these and more than 80% occur in developing countries. Falls in older adults are usually multifactorial, representing a traumatic phenomenon, which generates mild consequences such as contusions, to serious ones such as fractures and disability; affecting functionality and in the most serious cases can lead to death, becoming an important public health problem. Regarding recurrent falls with respect to gender, it is said that women present a greater number of recurrent falls and among the factors that most favor falls are: organic factors such as older age, proprioceptive, vestibular and visual function, and associated pathologies, environmental factors in the home, the street and means of transportation, and circumstantial factors related to daily life. With the current circumstances of mobility restrictions due to the pandemic and social distancing, physical inactivity brings negative consequences such as bone decalcification and a decrease in muscle mass, making up a high risk factor for physical health, mainly in this age group.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Caídas, Confinamiento, Adulto mayor, Pandemia
