Discursos y prácticas familiares en torno a las relaciones del poder, género y cuidado en el municipio de Puerto Colombia
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Objetivo: Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de los discursos y prácticas
familiares que impactan en la construcción social, especialmente en las relaciones
de poder, género y cuidado en las familias de Puerto Colombia, Atlántico.
Metodología: Adoptando un enfoque descriptivo con un diseño narrativo,
participaron 20 familias seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico. Se
aplicaron la Encuesta de Caracterización Familiar y el Guion de Entrevista
Semiestructurada como instrumentos de recolección. El análisis cuantitativo se
realizó con SPSS, específicamente con los datos sociodemográficos. Mientras que,
la información cualitativa se sistematizó y codificó con Nvivo, permitiendo la
identificación de temas y patrones en las experiencias familiares. Resultados: La
investigación revela que la mayoría de las familias pertenecen a estratos
socioeconómicos bajos, con diversidad étnica. Las creencias religiosas son
mayormente católicas y evangélicas. La estructura familiar predominante es nuclear
(40%) y extensa (35%), con un 65% de las familias conviviendo con entre 1 y 4
personas. El 40% de las dinámicas familiares varían, mostrando tendencias
tradicionales en la toma de decisiones financieras, donde el esposo asume el rol
decisor y aporta económicamente. Otro 30% indica una distribución equitativa de
responsabilidades financieras entre esposo y esposa, mientras que el 10% destaca
la autoridad femenina en la toma de decisiones financieras. En la resolución de
conflictos, el 55% destaca el papel activo de la figura femenina, mostrando
preferencia por el diálogo y la comunicación como medios para llegar a acuerdos.
Por otro lado, las familias participantes muestran una diversidad en la asignación de
tareas domésticas, aunque persisten roles tradicionales de género. Se destaca la
colaboración ocasional de otros miembros diferentes a las mujeres. En cuanto a la
percepción de género, la mayoría de las familias considera que esto no juega un
papel importante en la posición social, promoviendo la igualdad. Sin embargo,
algunas reconocen que las expectativas culturales aún influyen. Finalmente, al
menos el 20% de las familias muestran una tendencia hacia la corresponsabilidad
en la crianza de los niños; un 15% de las familias destacan la importancia de un
enfoque flexible y equitativo en la distribución de responsabilidades dentro de la
familia. No obstante, el 40% de las familias, se observa que, a pesar de compartir
la responsabilidad del cuidado de un adulto mayor en algunas situaciones, el papel
de crianza y las tareas del hogar siguen siendo principalmente responsabilidad de
la mujer, ya sea como madre o abuela, enfatizando el género como un factor
determinante en el rol de cuidador dentro de la familia. Asimismo, en al menos el
10% de las familias, la participación activa de la familia extendida es evidente, con
abuelos desempeñando un papel importante en el cuidado y la educación de los
niños.
Objetive: This research focuses on the description of family discourses and practices that impact social construction, especially in relations of power, gender and care in Puerto Colombia, Atlántico. Methodology: Adopting a descriptive approach with a narrative design, 20 families selected through non-probabilistic sampling participated. The Family Characterization Survey and the Semi-structured Interview Script were applied as collection instruments. The quantitative analysis was performed with SPSS, while the qualitative information was systematized and coded with Nvivo, allowing the identification of themes and patterns in family experiences. Results: The research reveals that the majority of families belong to low socioeconomic strata, with ethnic diversity. Religious beliefs are mostly Catholic and evangelical. The predominant family structure is nuclear (40%) and extended (35%), with 65% of families living with between 1 and 4 people. 40% of family dynamics vary, showing traditional tendencies in financial decision-making, where the husband assumes the decision-making role and contributes financially. Another 30% indicate an equal distribution of financial responsibilities between husband and wife, while 10% highlight female authority in financial decision-making. In conflict resolution, 55% highlight the active role of the female figure, showing preference for dialogue and communication as means to reach agreements. On the other hand, participating families show diversity in the assignment of domestic tasks, although traditional gender roles persist. The occasional collaboration of members other than women stands out. Regarding gender perception, most families consider that this does not play an important role in social position, promoting equality. However, some recognize that cultural expectations still play a role. Finally, at least 20% of families show a tendency towards co-responsibility in raising children; 15% of families highlight the importance of a flexible and equitable approach to the distribution of responsibilities within the family. However, in 40% of families, it is observed that, despite sharing the responsibility of caring for an elderly adult in some situations, the parenting role and household chores continue to be mainly the responsibility of the woman, either as mother or grandmother, emphasizing gender as a determining factor in the role of caregiver within the family. Likewise, in at least 10% of families, the active participation of the extended family is evident, with grandparents playing an important role in the care and education of children.
Objetive: This research focuses on the description of family discourses and practices that impact social construction, especially in relations of power, gender and care in Puerto Colombia, Atlántico. Methodology: Adopting a descriptive approach with a narrative design, 20 families selected through non-probabilistic sampling participated. The Family Characterization Survey and the Semi-structured Interview Script were applied as collection instruments. The quantitative analysis was performed with SPSS, while the qualitative information was systematized and coded with Nvivo, allowing the identification of themes and patterns in family experiences. Results: The research reveals that the majority of families belong to low socioeconomic strata, with ethnic diversity. Religious beliefs are mostly Catholic and evangelical. The predominant family structure is nuclear (40%) and extended (35%), with 65% of families living with between 1 and 4 people. 40% of family dynamics vary, showing traditional tendencies in financial decision-making, where the husband assumes the decision-making role and contributes financially. Another 30% indicate an equal distribution of financial responsibilities between husband and wife, while 10% highlight female authority in financial decision-making. In conflict resolution, 55% highlight the active role of the female figure, showing preference for dialogue and communication as means to reach agreements. On the other hand, participating families show diversity in the assignment of domestic tasks, although traditional gender roles persist. The occasional collaboration of members other than women stands out. Regarding gender perception, most families consider that this does not play an important role in social position, promoting equality. However, some recognize that cultural expectations still play a role. Finally, at least 20% of families show a tendency towards co-responsibility in raising children; 15% of families highlight the importance of a flexible and equitable approach to the distribution of responsibilities within the family. However, in 40% of families, it is observed that, despite sharing the responsibility of caring for an elderly adult in some situations, the parenting role and household chores continue to be mainly the responsibility of the woman, either as mother or grandmother, emphasizing gender as a determining factor in the role of caregiver within the family. Likewise, in at least 10% of families, the active participation of the extended family is evident, with grandparents playing an important role in the care and education of children.
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Palabras clave
Prácticas de cuidado en la familia, Relaciones de poder en la familia, Relaciones de género en la familia, Relaciones de cuidado en la familia
