La vivencia del sueño migratorio en inmigrantes latinoamericanos que experimentan ansiedad durante un proceso de legalización en Estados Unidos
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Racedo Sánchez, Heidy Margarita
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y sociales
Resumen
Objetivo: Comprender la vivencia del sueño migratorio en inmigrantes
latinoamericanos que experimentan ansiedad durante un proceso de legalización
en Estados Unidos.
Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico,
dirigida a cinco inmigrantes latinoamericanos que experimentaron ansiedad durante
un proceso de legalización entre 2023 y 2025 en Estados Unidos. La recolección de
información se llevó a cabo mediante la entrevista en profundidad, siguiendo un
procedimiento en cuatro etapas: previa, descriptiva, estructural y de discusión de
resultados.
Resultados: La vivencia del sueño migratorio se configura como una estructura
interrelacional, profundamente enraizada en la existencia del inmigrante, y no
simplemente como un deseo abstracto de movilidad. El sueño migratorio se
construye en un diálogo dinámico, vivido y sostenido por dimensiones
experienciales que articulan el deseo, la voluntad, la angustia anticipatoria, la
intencionalidad, la temporalidad, la memoria y la corporalidad; todas ellas
conforman el núcleo vivencial del proyecto vital migratorio. En este contexto, la
ausencia de libertad, el temor a la deportación y a la separación familiar intensifican
la experiencia de ansiedad, la cual se refleja de acuerdo con la estructura de la
personalidad del sujeto.
Se encontró que, en los sujetos con rasgos de personalidad histérica, la ansiedad
funciona como un motor que impulsa la acción, reflejada por la ausencia de miedo
al cambio, a la libertad y a la transformación. En el sujeto con personalidad obsesiva
se manifestó la necesidad de estabilidad y seguridad, donde la incertidumbre, las
modificaciones y los retos legales lo intranquilizan y angustian. En el caso del sujeto
depresivo, su ansiedad se refleja en la separación y lejanía de los seres queridos.
Los vínculos familiares pueden constituirse en un factor protector que sostiene al
inmigrante frente a los desafíos emocionales de su experiencia.
Conclusiones: El sueño migratorio se plantea como una estructura interrelacional
en constante diálogo con las dimensiones que conforman y le dan sentido al
proyecto vital migratorio. No surge de una idealización ingenua, sino de una
necesidad concreta existencial, en la que el deseo orienta la proyección de un
horizonte de vida y la voluntad lo sostiene. En este proceso, la angustia aparece
como respuesta anticipatoria a la incertidumbre del trámite de legalización y a la
espera prolongada, donde el estatus legal se convierte en un elemento esencial
para afirmar la existencia simbólica en el país receptor. La ansiedad derivada de la
falta de libertad, la amenaza de separación familiar y la búsqueda de estabilidad no
representan solo obstáculos, sino que también dotan de sentido y dirección al
proyecto vital migratorio.
Objective: To understand the experience of the Migratory Dream in Latin American immigrants who experience anxiety during the legalization process in the United States. Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted, involving five Latin American immigrants who experienced anxiety during the legalization process between 2023 and 2025 in the United States. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, following a four-stage procedure: preliminary, descriptive, structural, and results discussion. Results: The experience of the migratory dream is configured as an interrelational structure, deeply rooted in the immigrant’s existence, and not simply as an abstract desire for mobility. The migratory dream is constructed through a dynamic dialogue, lived and sustained by experiential dimensions that articulate desire, will, anticipatory anxiety, intentionality, temporality, memory, and corporeality—all of which shape the core of the migratory life project. In this context, the absence of freedom, the fear of deportation, and the threat of family separation intensify the experience of anxiety, which manifests according to the individual’s personality structure. It was found that, in individuals with hysterical personality traits, anxiety operates as a driving force for action, reflected in the absence of fear toward change, freedom, and transformation. In individuals with obsessive personality traits, the need for stability and security predominates, where uncertainty, change, and legal challenges provoke distress and unease. In the case of the depressive personality, anxiety is expressed through the pain of separation and distance from loved ones. Family bonds may thus serve as a protective factor that sustains the immigrant in the face of the emotional challenges of their experience. Conclusions: The migratory dream is framed as an interrelational phenomenon in constant dialogue with the dimensions that shape and give meaning to the migratory life project. It does not arise from a naïve idealization, but from a concrete existential need, in which desire guides the projection of a life horizon and will sustains it. In this process, anguish emerges as an anticipatory response to the uncertainty of the legalization procedure and the prolonged waiting, where legal status becomes a crucial element in affirming one's symbolic existence in the host country. The anxiety derived from the lack of freedom, the threat of family separation, and the search for stability do not merely represent obstacles but also provide meaning and direction to the migratory life project
Objective: To understand the experience of the Migratory Dream in Latin American immigrants who experience anxiety during the legalization process in the United States. Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted, involving five Latin American immigrants who experienced anxiety during the legalization process between 2023 and 2025 in the United States. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, following a four-stage procedure: preliminary, descriptive, structural, and results discussion. Results: The experience of the migratory dream is configured as an interrelational structure, deeply rooted in the immigrant’s existence, and not simply as an abstract desire for mobility. The migratory dream is constructed through a dynamic dialogue, lived and sustained by experiential dimensions that articulate desire, will, anticipatory anxiety, intentionality, temporality, memory, and corporeality—all of which shape the core of the migratory life project. In this context, the absence of freedom, the fear of deportation, and the threat of family separation intensify the experience of anxiety, which manifests according to the individual’s personality structure. It was found that, in individuals with hysterical personality traits, anxiety operates as a driving force for action, reflected in the absence of fear toward change, freedom, and transformation. In individuals with obsessive personality traits, the need for stability and security predominates, where uncertainty, change, and legal challenges provoke distress and unease. In the case of the depressive personality, anxiety is expressed through the pain of separation and distance from loved ones. Family bonds may thus serve as a protective factor that sustains the immigrant in the face of the emotional challenges of their experience. Conclusions: The migratory dream is framed as an interrelational phenomenon in constant dialogue with the dimensions that shape and give meaning to the migratory life project. It does not arise from a naïve idealization, but from a concrete existential need, in which desire guides the projection of a life horizon and will sustains it. In this process, anguish emerges as an anticipatory response to the uncertainty of the legalization procedure and the prolonged waiting, where legal status becomes a crucial element in affirming one's symbolic existence in the host country. The anxiety derived from the lack of freedom, the threat of family separation, and the search for stability do not merely represent obstacles but also provide meaning and direction to the migratory life project
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Palabras clave
Sueño Migratorio, Procesos de legalización, Experiencia de ansiedad, Inmigrantes latinoamericanos, Estados Unidos
