Relación entre el apoyo social percibido, estrategias de afrontamiento y orientación suicida en estudiantes del Colegio Andrés Bello de la ciudad de Cúcuta
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2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
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Antecedentes internacionales: El estudio realizado por Sánchez Fernández et al., (2016) titulado: Intento suicida en la provincia de Guantánamo, estaba orientado a describir el comportamiento del intento suicida en el municipio de Guantánamo. Para la obtención de los datos se solicitó el consentimiento informado al Departamento de Estadística de la Dirección Provincial de Salud. Luego, se conformó la base de datos utilizando el Microsoft Excel donde se realizó el vaciamiento de la información. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Los datos obtenidos se le fue solicitado al Departamento de Estadística de la Dirección Provincial de Salud. El universo fue de 254 pacientes y su muestra de 186 a través del muestreo simple aleatorio. Se utilizó para el procesamiento de la información el Microsoft Excel donde se obtuvo el porcentaje según cantidad de datos, los resultados se expusieron en tablas. durante el noreste el tercer trimestre fue el que mayor aportó paciente con intento suicida, el municipio que más casos reportó fue Guantánamo, siendo el sexo femenino el de mayor incidencia, las edades entre 25-59 años y los meses de agosto y abril respectivamente, los meses que mayor número de paciente se registró fue septiembre, abril y agosto, respectivamente.
Antecedentes nacionales: El trabajo realizado por Nidia Yineth Preciado-Duarte, Daniela Trujillo-Madrigal, Héctor Fabio Rojas-Espitia el cual se titula Ansiedad, depresión, estrés y apoyo social percibido en el proceso de hospitalización de la sociedad de cirugía Hospital de San José de la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia. Se determinó la presencia de ansiedad, depresión, estrés y apoyo social percibidos en el proceso de hospitalización, en una muestra probabilística de 232 personas, con un protocolo que incluyó entrevista semiestructurada, inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI), Escala de ansiedad y depresión hospitalaria (HADS) (subescala de ansiedad), entrevista de apoyo social basada en la escala de Zimet y Escala de estrés percibido (PSS-14). Los resultados indican presencia de depresión en el 55% y de ansiedad en el 16% de los participantes, estrés percibido en promedio de 24.50 de 7.45 y mayor apoyo social percibido por parte de personas significativas y familiares. En relación con las variables sociodemográficas, se encontró mayor depresión en los adultos tardíos de sexo masculino, en unión libre y con estancia hospitalaria larga. La ansiedad y el estrés percibido fueron superiores en las mujeres solteras con estancia hospitalaria corta. El apoyo social percibido fue menor en los adultos de sexo masculino, casados y con estancia hospitalaria media. Se concluyó que es fundamental profundizar en la relación de las variables estudiadas para su correcto y oportuno tratamiento con un enfoque biopsicosocial, lo que es coherente con reportes de la literatura.
Antecedentes regional: De acuerdo con Sánchez & Anaya, (2012) sobre la investigación titulada estrategias de intervención para favorecer la autoestima en los adultos mayores institucionalizados y no institucionalizados del municipio de San José de Cúcuta, que estuvo orientada a la creación de estrategias de intervención que favorezcan la autoestima del adulto mayor, encontramos que, la investigación se desarrolló con una metodología de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, con una muestra de 148 personas mayores (10 de ellos institucionalizados y el resto no institucionalizados), dentro de los criterios de inclusión se tuvo en cuenta que fueran personas entre 60 y 80 años, sin discapacidad física, mental o sensorial y que supieran leer y escribir. Se implementaron instrumentos como la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg en el adulto mayor. En los resultados más relevantes se concluyó que se evidencia una gran diferencia de autoestima entre las dos poblaciones, el 88,8% de la población institucionalizada cuenta con una autoestima alta y el 45,5% de la población no institucionalizada cuenta con una autoestima media. Teniendo en cuenta lo aportado en la investigación, podemos inferir que contar con redes de apoyo mayor será la percepción de bienestar.
Objetivo: El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la relación entre el apoyo social percibido, estrategias de afrontamiento y orientación suicida en estudiantes del Colegio Andrés Bello de la Cuidad de Cúcuta.
Materiales y Métodos: La metodología propuesta estuvo basada en un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, alcance correlacional, corte transversal. Para la ejecución de la presente investigación se ha partido de una población conformada por estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Colegio Andrés Bello de la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta y para la selección de la muestra se ha tenido en cuenta los siguientes criterios de inclusión: hombres y mujeres de nacionalidad colombiana; edades de 10 a 19 años, que estén cursando grado sexto, séptimo, octavo y noveno. La muestra estuvo conformada por 234 participantes, el tipo de muestreo fue no probabilístico, intencional o por conveniencia. Los instrumentos utilizados en la presente investigación: el apoyo social percibido, estrategias de afrontamiento y orientación suicida. Se llevó a cabo la aplicación de una ficha sociodemográfica, la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido MSPSS el Inventario Multidimensional de Estimación del Afrontamiento COPE y el Inventario de Orientación Suicida ISO30. La organización, procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el software Microsoft Office Excel 2010 y el paquete estadístico IMB SPSS Statistics 26 respectivamente. Este último se utilizó para el análisis.
Resultados: En los hallazgos encontrados, se evidencia que los estudiantes presentan en su mayoría ausencia en el Estilo de Afrontamiento orientado al problema, Estilo de Afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción y Estilo de Afrontamiento evitativo. Sin embargo, donde se refleja una mayor participación a la hora de llevar a practica el uso de recursos, técnicas o estrategias que le permita afrontar los retos y desafíos de vivir es por medio del afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción.
Conclusiones: El presente estudio nos permitió analizar las variables de apoyo social percibido, estrategias de afrontamiento y orientación suicida en estudiantes del Colegio Andrés Bello de la ciudad de Cúcuta, encontrado las siguientes características o comportamientos dentro de los resultados con un alto índice de significancia con relación a las variables.
International background: The study conducted by Sánchez Fernández et al., (2016) entitled: Suicide attempt in the province of Guantánamo, was aimed at describing the behavior of suicide attempt in the municipality of Guantánamo. To obtain the data, informed consent was requested from the Statistics Department of the Provincial Health Directorate. Then, the database was created using Microsoft Excel where the information was emptied. A descriptive study was carried out. The data obtained were requested from the Statistics Department of the Provincial Health Directorate. The universe was 254 patients and its sample was 186 through simple random sampling. Microsoft Excel was used to process the information, where the percentage was obtained according to the amount of data, and the results were presented in tables. During the northeast, the third quarter was the one with the highest number of patients with suicide attempts, the municipality that reported the most cases was Guantánamo, with the highest incidence among the female sex, the ages between 25-59 years and the months of August and April, respectively, the months with the highest number of patients were September, April and August, respectively. National antecedents: The work carried out by Nidia Yineth Preciado-Duarte, Daniela Trujillo-Madrigal, Héctor Fabio Rojas-Espitia is entitled Anxiety, depression, stress and perceived social support in the hospitalization process of the surgical society Hospital de San José in the city of Bogotá-Colombia. The presence of anxiety, depression, stress and perceived social support in the hospitalization process was determined in a probabilistic sample of 232 people, with a protocol that included a semi-structured interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (anxiety subscale), social support interview based on the Zimet scale and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The results indicate the presence of depression in 55% and anxiety in 16% of the participants, perceived stress on average 24.50 out of 7.45 and greater perceived social support from significant others and family members. In relation to the sociodemographic variables, greater depression was found in late adults of male sex, in free union and with long hospital stay. Anxiety and perceived stress were higher in single women with short hospital stay. Perceived social support was lower in married male adults with medium hospital stay. It was concluded that it is essential to deepen the relationship of the variables studied for their correct and timely treatment with a biopsychosocial approach, which is consistent with reports in the literature. Regional background: According to Sánchez & Anaya, (2012) on the research entitled intervention strategies to favor self-esteem in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, which was oriented to the creation of intervention strategies that favor the self-esteem of the older adult, we found that, The research was developed with a descriptive and correlational methodology, with a sample of 148 elderly people (10 of them institutionalized and the rest non-institutionalized), within the inclusion criteria it was taken into account that they were people between 60 and 80 years old, without physical, mental or sensory disability and that they could read and write. Instruments such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the elderly were implemented. In the most relevant results it was concluded that there is a great difference in self-esteem between the two populations, 88.8% of the institutionalized population has a high self-esteem and 45.5% of the non-institutionalized population has a medium self-esteem. Taking into account the findings of the research, we can infer that having support networks increases the perception of well-being. Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation in students of the Andrés Bello School in the city of Cúcuta. Materials and Methods: The proposed methodology was based on a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, correlational scope, cross-sectional. For the execution of this research, the starting point was a population made up of students of the Andrés Bello School Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta and for the selection of the sample the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: men and women of Colombian nationality; ages from 10 to 19 years old, who are in sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grade. The sample consisted of 234 participants, the type of sampling was non-probabilistic. Materials and Methods: The proposed methodology was based on a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, correlational scope, cross-sectional. For the execution of this research, the starting point was a population made up of students of the Andrés Bello School Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta and for the selection of the sample the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: men and women of Colombian nationality; ages from 10 to 19 years old, who are in the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades. The sample consisted of 234 participants, the type of sampling was non-probabilistic, intentional or by convenience. The instruments used in this research were: perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation. A sociodemographic card, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support MSPSS, the Multidimensional Coping Estimation Inventory COPE and the Suicide Orientation Inventory ISO30 were applied. Data organization, processing and analysis were performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software and the statistical package IMB SPSS Statistics 26 respectively. The latter was used for the analysis. Results: In the findings found, it is evident that students present mostly absence in the Problem-Oriented Coping Style, Emotion-Focused Coping Style and Avoidant Coping Style. However, where a greater participation is reflected at the time of putting into practice the use of resources, techniques or strategies that allow them to face the challenges and challenges of living is through emotion-focused coping. Conclusions: The present study allowed us to analyze the variables of perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation in students of the Andrés Bello School in the city of Cúcuta, finding the following characteristics or behaviors within the results with a high index of significance in relation to the variables.
International background: The study conducted by Sánchez Fernández et al., (2016) entitled: Suicide attempt in the province of Guantánamo, was aimed at describing the behavior of suicide attempt in the municipality of Guantánamo. To obtain the data, informed consent was requested from the Statistics Department of the Provincial Health Directorate. Then, the database was created using Microsoft Excel where the information was emptied. A descriptive study was carried out. The data obtained were requested from the Statistics Department of the Provincial Health Directorate. The universe was 254 patients and its sample was 186 through simple random sampling. Microsoft Excel was used to process the information, where the percentage was obtained according to the amount of data, and the results were presented in tables. During the northeast, the third quarter was the one with the highest number of patients with suicide attempts, the municipality that reported the most cases was Guantánamo, with the highest incidence among the female sex, the ages between 25-59 years and the months of August and April, respectively, the months with the highest number of patients were September, April and August, respectively. National antecedents: The work carried out by Nidia Yineth Preciado-Duarte, Daniela Trujillo-Madrigal, Héctor Fabio Rojas-Espitia is entitled Anxiety, depression, stress and perceived social support in the hospitalization process of the surgical society Hospital de San José in the city of Bogotá-Colombia. The presence of anxiety, depression, stress and perceived social support in the hospitalization process was determined in a probabilistic sample of 232 people, with a protocol that included a semi-structured interview, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (anxiety subscale), social support interview based on the Zimet scale and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14). The results indicate the presence of depression in 55% and anxiety in 16% of the participants, perceived stress on average 24.50 out of 7.45 and greater perceived social support from significant others and family members. In relation to the sociodemographic variables, greater depression was found in late adults of male sex, in free union and with long hospital stay. Anxiety and perceived stress were higher in single women with short hospital stay. Perceived social support was lower in married male adults with medium hospital stay. It was concluded that it is essential to deepen the relationship of the variables studied for their correct and timely treatment with a biopsychosocial approach, which is consistent with reports in the literature. Regional background: According to Sánchez & Anaya, (2012) on the research entitled intervention strategies to favor self-esteem in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta, which was oriented to the creation of intervention strategies that favor the self-esteem of the older adult, we found that, The research was developed with a descriptive and correlational methodology, with a sample of 148 elderly people (10 of them institutionalized and the rest non-institutionalized), within the inclusion criteria it was taken into account that they were people between 60 and 80 years old, without physical, mental or sensory disability and that they could read and write. Instruments such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the elderly were implemented. In the most relevant results it was concluded that there is a great difference in self-esteem between the two populations, 88.8% of the institutionalized population has a high self-esteem and 45.5% of the non-institutionalized population has a medium self-esteem. Taking into account the findings of the research, we can infer that having support networks increases the perception of well-being. Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation in students of the Andrés Bello School in the city of Cúcuta. Materials and Methods: The proposed methodology was based on a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, correlational scope, cross-sectional. For the execution of this research, the starting point was a population made up of students of the Andrés Bello School Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta and for the selection of the sample the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: men and women of Colombian nationality; ages from 10 to 19 years old, who are in sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grade. The sample consisted of 234 participants, the type of sampling was non-probabilistic. Materials and Methods: The proposed methodology was based on a quantitative approach with a non-experimental design, correlational scope, cross-sectional. For the execution of this research, the starting point was a population made up of students of the Andrés Bello School Educational Institution of the city of San José de Cúcuta and for the selection of the sample the following inclusion criteria were taken into account: men and women of Colombian nationality; ages from 10 to 19 years old, who are in the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades. The sample consisted of 234 participants, the type of sampling was non-probabilistic, intentional or by convenience. The instruments used in this research were: perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation. A sociodemographic card, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support MSPSS, the Multidimensional Coping Estimation Inventory COPE and the Suicide Orientation Inventory ISO30 were applied. Data organization, processing and analysis were performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software and the statistical package IMB SPSS Statistics 26 respectively. The latter was used for the analysis. Results: In the findings found, it is evident that students present mostly absence in the Problem-Oriented Coping Style, Emotion-Focused Coping Style and Avoidant Coping Style. However, where a greater participation is reflected at the time of putting into practice the use of resources, techniques or strategies that allow them to face the challenges and challenges of living is through emotion-focused coping. Conclusions: The present study allowed us to analyze the variables of perceived social support, coping strategies and suicidal orientation in students of the Andrés Bello School in the city of Cúcuta, finding the following characteristics or behaviors within the results with a high index of significance in relation to the variables.
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Palabras clave
Dinámica familiar, Apoyo social, Ideación suicida, Factores de riesgo, Factores protectores, Family dynamics, Social support, Suicidal ideation, Risk factors, Protective factors
