Caracterización epidemiológica de pacientes con tuberculosis notificados por un segurador en salud en Colombia, 2016
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2016
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La tuberculosis (TB) continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. En los últimos años se ha observado variación en la incidencia y prevalencia de esta enfermedad entre las subregiones de las Américas. En la subregión Andina Perú registra el mayor número de casos, seguido por Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela y Ecuador. En Colombia en el 2015 la incidencia de tuberculosis fue de 24,2 casos por 100.000 habitantes.
Objetivos: Caracterizar epidemiológicamente los casos de pacientes con tuberculosis notificados por un asegurador en Colombia, durante el año 2016.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. La población objeto de estudio estuvo constituida por 288 pacientes diagnosticados con tuberculosis, comprendidos en la base de datos suministrada
por un asegurador en salud en Colombia, el cual tiene presencia en diez
departamentos del país. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, así
como el comportamiento de la incidencia durante el periodo de estudio. Se realizó
un análisis descriptivo teniendo en cuenta el tipo de variable analizada.
Resultados: Durante todo el año 2016 el asegurador objeto de estudio notificó 288
casos de TB en los departamentos donde tiene presencia en Colombia; de los
cuales el 58,4% eran hombres y el 41,6% restante eran mujeres; el grupo etareo
más afectado fueron los pacientes entre 26 a 60 años. El departamento en el que
se registró el mayor número de casos fue Chocó con el 34,6% del total de los casos.
En cuanto a las características clínicas el 88,3% de los casos eran incidentes; el
88,3% fueron diagnosticados como TB Pulmonar y el 11,7% restante como TB
Extrapulmonar; el 78,2% recibieron tratamiento; el 21,8% no recibieron y solo el
14,8% presentaron como comorbilidad VIH. El 91,3% tuvieron una evolución
satisfactoria, mientras que el 8,7 fallecieron.
Conclusiones: La mayor incidencia de tuberculosis reportada por el aseguradora
de estudio se encontró en hombres adultos, la mayoría perteneciente al
departamentos de Choco; la mayoría presentaron la forma pulmonar,
diagnosticados por clínica y baciloscopia seriada. Un gran porcentaje recibieron
tratamiento médico, observándose una evolución satisfactoria en la mayoría de la
población de estudio.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, there has been variation in the incidence and prevalence of this disease among the subregions of the Americas. In the Andean subregion, Peru has the highest number of cases, followed by Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador. In Colombia in 2015, the incidence of tuberculosis was 24.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Objective: To characterize epidemiologically the cases of patients with tuberculosis notified by an insurer in Colombia, during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The study population consisted of 288 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, included in the database provided by a health insurer in Colombia, which is present in ten departments of the country. Sociodemographic, clinical variables were analyzed, as well as the behavior of the incidence during the study period. A descriptive analysis was carried out taking into account the type of variable analyzed. Results: Throughout 2016, the insurer under study reported 288 cases of TB in the departments where it has a presence in Colombia; of which 58.4% were men and the remaining 41.6% were women; the age group most affected were patients between 26 and 60 years old. The department in which the highest number of cases was recorded was Chocó with 34.6% of the total cases. Regarding the clinical characteristics, 88.3% of the cases were incidents; 88.3% were diagnosed as Pulmonary TB and the remaining 11.7% as Extrapulmonary TB; 78.2% received treatment; 21.8% did not receive and only 14.8% presented as HIV comorbidity. 91.3% had a satisfactory evolution, while 8.7 died. Conclusions: The highest incidence of tuberculosis reported by the study insurer was found in men between the ages of 26 and 60 years old, the majority belonging to the Choco and Valle departments, affiliated to the subsidized regime; most presented the pulmonary form, diagnosed by clinical and serial smear microscopy. A large percentage received medical treatment, observing a satisfactory evolution in the majority of the study population.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, there has been variation in the incidence and prevalence of this disease among the subregions of the Americas. In the Andean subregion, Peru has the highest number of cases, followed by Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador. In Colombia in 2015, the incidence of tuberculosis was 24.2 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Objective: To characterize epidemiologically the cases of patients with tuberculosis notified by an insurer in Colombia, during the year 2016. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out. The study population consisted of 288 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, included in the database provided by a health insurer in Colombia, which is present in ten departments of the country. Sociodemographic, clinical variables were analyzed, as well as the behavior of the incidence during the study period. A descriptive analysis was carried out taking into account the type of variable analyzed. Results: Throughout 2016, the insurer under study reported 288 cases of TB in the departments where it has a presence in Colombia; of which 58.4% were men and the remaining 41.6% were women; the age group most affected were patients between 26 and 60 years old. The department in which the highest number of cases was recorded was Chocó with 34.6% of the total cases. Regarding the clinical characteristics, 88.3% of the cases were incidents; 88.3% were diagnosed as Pulmonary TB and the remaining 11.7% as Extrapulmonary TB; 78.2% received treatment; 21.8% did not receive and only 14.8% presented as HIV comorbidity. 91.3% had a satisfactory evolution, while 8.7 died. Conclusions: The highest incidence of tuberculosis reported by the study insurer was found in men between the ages of 26 and 60 years old, the majority belonging to the Choco and Valle departments, affiliated to the subsidized regime; most presented the pulmonary form, diagnosed by clinical and serial smear microscopy. A large percentage received medical treatment, observing a satisfactory evolution in the majority of the study population.
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Palabras clave
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Pulmonar, VIH, Colombia, Asegurador en salud, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, HIV, Health insurer
