De la norma a la práctica: salud mental y derecho laboral en el contexto cucuteño
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Cañizares Ochoa, Slendy Yuliana
Picón Ortega, Maura Alexandra
Soto Bonilla, Ángel David
Vergel Yáñez, Víctor Rafael
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación examina el marco normativo y las condiciones laborales en Cúcuta en relación con la salud mental de los trabajadores, desde un enfoque jurídico y laboral. Parte del reconocimiento de la salud mental como un derecho fundamental y esencial para el bienestar integral. Se analizan normativas nacionales como la Ley 1616 de 2013, la Resolución 2646 de 2008, la Resolución 4886 de 2018 y la Ordenanza Nº 0027 del Departamento de Norte de Santander, que adopta la Política Pública de Salud Mental. Mediante una metodología cualitativa basada en el paradigma histórico-hermenéutico jurídico, se realizó un análisis documental de fuentes normativas, doctrinales y jurisprudenciales para interpretar el impacto de estas políticas en el ámbito laboral.
Los hallazgos revelan que, aunque existe un marco legal sólido que promueve la salud mental, su implementación en Cúcuta es limitada, especialmente en sectores informales y con condiciones laborales precarias. Esto genera altos niveles de estrés y otros riesgos psicosociales, así como una percepción de desprotección entre los trabajadores, ya que la normativa no se traduce en prácticas efectivas.
Ante esta situación, se proponen estrategias jurídicas y administrativas como la creación de espacios de escucha emocional, protocolos de atención ante crisis psicosociales, evaluación del clima organizacional y capacitación en inteligencia emocional. Estas medidas, coordinadas entre Estado, empleadores y comunidad, buscan transformar la cultura laboral hacia un modelo basado en la dignidad, el bienestar y la sostenibilidad.
This research examines the regulatory framework and working conditions in Cúcuta concerning workers' mental health, from a legal and labor perspective. It recognizes mental health as a fundamental right and essential to overall well-being. The study analyzes national regulations such as Law 1616 of 2013, Resolution 2646 of 2008, Resolution 4886 of 2018, and Ordinance 4 No. 0027 of the Department of Norte de Santander, which adopts the Public Mental Health Policy. Using a qualitative methodology grounded in the historical-hermeneutic legal paradigm, a documentary analysis of legal, doctrinal, and jurisprudential sources was conducted to interpret the impact of these policies in the labor sphere. Findings reveal that, despite a solid legal framework promoting mental health, its implementation in Cúcuta is limited, especially in informal sectors and precarious working conditions. These environments lead to high levels of stress and other psychosocial risks, along with a perceived lack of protection among workers, as the existence of regulations does not translate into effective workplace practices. In response, the study proposes legal and administrative strategies such as the creation of emotional support spaces, crisis response protocols, organizational climate assessments, and training in emotional intelligence and human management. These measures, if coordinated among the State, employers, and the community, aim to transform workplace culture toward a model based on dignity, well-being, and sustainability.
This research examines the regulatory framework and working conditions in Cúcuta concerning workers' mental health, from a legal and labor perspective. It recognizes mental health as a fundamental right and essential to overall well-being. The study analyzes national regulations such as Law 1616 of 2013, Resolution 2646 of 2008, Resolution 4886 of 2018, and Ordinance 4 No. 0027 of the Department of Norte de Santander, which adopts the Public Mental Health Policy. Using a qualitative methodology grounded in the historical-hermeneutic legal paradigm, a documentary analysis of legal, doctrinal, and jurisprudential sources was conducted to interpret the impact of these policies in the labor sphere. Findings reveal that, despite a solid legal framework promoting mental health, its implementation in Cúcuta is limited, especially in informal sectors and precarious working conditions. These environments lead to high levels of stress and other psychosocial risks, along with a perceived lack of protection among workers, as the existence of regulations does not translate into effective workplace practices. In response, the study proposes legal and administrative strategies such as the creation of emotional support spaces, crisis response protocols, organizational climate assessments, and training in emotional intelligence and human management. These measures, if coordinated among the State, employers, and the community, aim to transform workplace culture toward a model based on dignity, well-being, and sustainability.
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Palabras clave
Salud mental, Derecho laboral, Políticas públicas, Entorno laboral, Riesgos psicosociales.
