Análisis socio- jurídico del derecho al trabajo de los artesanos ambulantes de la calle 72 frente a las medidas de recuperación del espacio público en la ciudad de Barranquilla durante el período 2020 - 2021
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Fecha
2021
Autores
García Sinuco, Wendy Johanna
Ojeda Anuff, Moisés David
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Es indispensable reconocer que en Barranquilla existen muchos ciudadanos que subsisten a partir de su trabajo en la informalidad, teniendo que necesariamente utilizar el espacio público como lugar de ventas de sus mercancías. Sin embargo, hay un gremio en especial que aquí se desea tratar y es el de los artesanos de la Calle 72, que si bien fueron
formalizados de alguna manera a través de la construcción en 2018 de la Galería Artesanal y Comercial de la ciudad, para el año 2020, tiempo caracterizado por el confinamiento obligatorio a causa de la pandemia por la Covid-19, ha sido un período difícil para artesanos comerciantes porque a causa de este virus de rápido contagio, las ventas son casi nulas a día de hoy en 2021, de acuerdo con afirmaciones de Julio Enrique Márquez Gómez, reconocido como el vendedor más veterano del sector de la calle 72 (Miredvista, 2021).
Frente a ese panorama no muy alentador, se debe mencionar que el trabajo además de ser un derecho es un deber de las personas, que, por instinto natural y humano, éste busca las maneras de subsistir. Sin embargo, también se debe reconocer que hay personas que no lo hacen solo por obtener el mínimo vital sino para delinquir; pero es una realidad que algunos de estos trabajos producen mejores ingresos que los que tendría una persona que devenga un salario mínimo legal mensual vigente (SMLV) en Colombia, es el caso de los artesanos ambulantes de la Calle 72 de la ciudad que por ser productos propios de la cultura atlanticense son objetos de interés no solo para nativos sino también para turistas. Todo lo anterior, genera una competencia entre trabajadores informales vs. Espacio público
disponible donde la economía informal constituye para los trabajadores condiciones laborales inestables en términos de ingresos, horarios, seguridad pública y social, además de no brindar posibilidades de ascenso, en la medida en que se especializan en oficios a través del tiempo, haciendo contraste con el hecho de que los trabajadores del sector de las ventas callejeras constituyen a un porcentaje importante del sector informal y en términos
generales de la economía del país; esto sin mencionar que se pronostica una situación peor en época de Carnavales de 2022, pues se cree que cada vez más artesanos ambulantes van a recorrer no solo la Calle 72 sino muchas más calles de la ciudad.
Ahora, vale la pena preguntarse; ¿cuál es el impacto socio-jurídico causado por las medidas de recuperación del espacio público que pudieran implementarse actualmente frente al derecho al trabajo de los artesanos que han vuelto a ser ambulantes en la Calle 72 de la ciudad de Barranquilla durante el período 2020-2021? Se intentará dar respuesta a la pregunta formulada anteriormente a través del ejercicio reflexivo sobre los temas relacionados con el análisis del impacto socio-jurídico planteado. Asimismo, se revisaría el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano que regula el derecho al Trabajo y el derecho al Espacio Público para poder determinar las causas que conllevan a estas personas a establecerse como vendedores informales en el espacio público en la ciudad de barranquilla, identificando además, los efectos causados por la presencia de los artesanos ambulantes como trabajadores informales en el espacio público de la ciudad.
It is essential to recognize that in Barranquilla are many citizens who subsist on their informal work, using the public space as a place to sell their merchandise. However, there is a particular set of citizen that we want to deal with and those are the artisans at 72nd street, who although were formalized in some way through the construction in 2018 of the city's Artisan and Commercial Gallery, by 2020, a time characterized by mandatory confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been a difficult period for artisans merchants due to this rapidly contagious virus, sales are almost null as of today in 2021, according to statements by Julio Enrique Marquez Gomez, recognized as the most veteran seller in the 72nd street sector (Miredvista, 2021) . Looking at this not very encouraging panorama, it should be mentioned that work not only being a right, is a people's duty, that, by natural and human instinct, it seeks ways to survive. However, it has to be recognized that there are people who do it not only to obtain the minimum vital but to commit crimes; But it is a reality that some of these jobs produce better income than a person who earns a current legal monthly minimum wage (SMLV) would have in Colombia. This is the case of the ambulant artisans on 72nd street in the city, as they have their own products of the Atlantic culture; these are objects of interest not only for natives but also for tourists. All of the above generates competition between informal workers vs. Available public space where the informal economy constitutes unstable working conditions for workers in terms of income, hours, public and social safety, in addition to not offering possibilities to ascent as they specialize in trades over time, contrasting with the fact that workers in the street sales sector constitute a significant percentage of the informal sector and in general terms aspects of the country's economy; not to mention that a worse situation is predicted for the Carnival season of 2022, since it is believed that more and more ambulant artisans are going to travel not only to 72nd street but many more streets of the city. Now, it is worth asking yourself; what is the legal-partner impact caused by the public space recovery measures that could currently be implemented against the right to work of artisans who have returned to being street vendors on 72nd street in the city of Barranquilla during the period 2020-2021? An attempt will be made to answer the question previously formulated through a reflective exercise on the issues related to the analysis of the proposed legal-partner impact. Likewise, the Colombian legal system that regulates the right to work and the right to public space would be reviewed in order to determine the causes that lead these people to establish themselves as informal vendors in public space in the city of Barranquilla, also identifying the effects caused by the presence of ambulant artisans as informal workers in the public space of the city.
It is essential to recognize that in Barranquilla are many citizens who subsist on their informal work, using the public space as a place to sell their merchandise. However, there is a particular set of citizen that we want to deal with and those are the artisans at 72nd street, who although were formalized in some way through the construction in 2018 of the city's Artisan and Commercial Gallery, by 2020, a time characterized by mandatory confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic, it has been a difficult period for artisans merchants due to this rapidly contagious virus, sales are almost null as of today in 2021, according to statements by Julio Enrique Marquez Gomez, recognized as the most veteran seller in the 72nd street sector (Miredvista, 2021) . Looking at this not very encouraging panorama, it should be mentioned that work not only being a right, is a people's duty, that, by natural and human instinct, it seeks ways to survive. However, it has to be recognized that there are people who do it not only to obtain the minimum vital but to commit crimes; But it is a reality that some of these jobs produce better income than a person who earns a current legal monthly minimum wage (SMLV) would have in Colombia. This is the case of the ambulant artisans on 72nd street in the city, as they have their own products of the Atlantic culture; these are objects of interest not only for natives but also for tourists. All of the above generates competition between informal workers vs. Available public space where the informal economy constitutes unstable working conditions for workers in terms of income, hours, public and social safety, in addition to not offering possibilities to ascent as they specialize in trades over time, contrasting with the fact that workers in the street sales sector constitute a significant percentage of the informal sector and in general terms aspects of the country's economy; not to mention that a worse situation is predicted for the Carnival season of 2022, since it is believed that more and more ambulant artisans are going to travel not only to 72nd street but many more streets of the city. Now, it is worth asking yourself; what is the legal-partner impact caused by the public space recovery measures that could currently be implemented against the right to work of artisans who have returned to being street vendors on 72nd street in the city of Barranquilla during the period 2020-2021? An attempt will be made to answer the question previously formulated through a reflective exercise on the issues related to the analysis of the proposed legal-partner impact. Likewise, the Colombian legal system that regulates the right to work and the right to public space would be reviewed in order to determine the causes that lead these people to establish themselves as informal vendors in public space in the city of Barranquilla, also identifying the effects caused by the presence of ambulant artisans as informal workers in the public space of the city.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Espacio público, Informalidad laboral, Corte constitucional, Derecho al trabajo, Public space, Labor informality, Constitutional court, Right to work
