La Funcionalidad Familiar y Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Jóvenes de 18 a 24 Años en Cúcuta, Norte de Santander
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Gómez Acevedo, Diana Karina
Castro Mendoza, Claudia Andrea
Cruz García, Yussely Karolay
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La situación mundial por cuenta del consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas es una problemática que está dañando nuestra juventud, nuestra sociedad actual y también está comprometiendo la sociedad futura. Las sustancias varían, desde lo que es aceptado hasta sustancias nuevas que se integran de manera rápida al consumo, creando “esclavos “de algunas personas inmorales que sin medir el daño causado al consumidor y a su familia los convierten en adictos y les roban sus sueños, su proyecto de vida y su tranquilidad. Esto nos lleva a plantearnos la pregunta, ¡cual es la relación que existe entre la funcionalidad familiar y consuma de SPA en jovenes en Cúcuta Norte de Santander?
Es bien sabido que el consumo de SPA , es un problema de salud pública, creciente, que abarca todas las esferas sociales, que como las pandemias no discrimina clases sociales , que produce un padecimiento en las familias de los consumidores bastante fuerte , por las conductas de abandono de si mismos, de delincuencia, problemas con la justicia, el cambio de vida del consumidor y concretamente que la mayoría termina siendo habitante de calle, abandono de las actividades académicas lo cual desarticula la familia.
Para la realización de este estudio, se trabajó en la Corporación de Profesionales para el Desarrollo Integral Comunitario-CORPRODINCO ubicado en la ciudad de Cúcuta Norte De Santander De acuerdo con la revisión literaria de diversos autores y expertos en la temática trabajada en esta investigación, se notan las distintas investigaciones tomadas como referencia que se han realizado, sirvieron como base y apoyo para la investigación e inclusive correlacionar los distintos estudios que se ha realizado con base en los conocimientos acerca del la funcionalidad familiar y consumo de SPA en jóvenes.
Las investigaciones se dividieron a nivel Internacional Nacional y Regional en cuanto a nivel Internacional se estudió por los autores González-Joel u otros en el año 2020 realizada en la Universidad de Guadalajara México titulada Relación entre consumo de drogas y Bienestar Psicológico en Estudiantes Universitarios Mexicanos. A nivel nacional se estudió por los autores Castaño-José, u otros en el año 2019 realizada a estudiantes de pregrado de la universidad de Manizales titulada Funcionalidad familiar y tendencias adictivas a internet y a sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios. A nivel regional se estudió por los autores Bonilla -Lizbeth u otros en el año 2020 realizado a los estudiantes del Colegio Pablo Correa León en Cúcuta. Titulada Incidencia del funcionamiento familiar y el consumo de drogas percibido por adolescentes consumidores y no consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas SPA.
Se establecieron unos conceptos muy básicos, los complementarios y específicos bajo aportes de diferentes autores como la definición de familia, funcionalidad familiar y factores de riesgo ante el consumo de alcohol. En cuanto al marco legal El presente estudio se ampara en la normatividad y disposiciones legales vigentes en el territorio colombiano se establecieron las siguientes normas y leyes: ley 1090 de 2006, por la cual se rige el ejercicio de la psicología, se dicta el Código Deontológico y Bioético y otras disposiciones, Constitución política de Colombia.1991 Art. 1, 2, 11 y 12 la vida humana, en los términos de la garantía constitucional de su preservación, Ley 30 de 1986 estatuto nacional de estupefacientes y su decreto reglamentario PREVENCION DE USO Y ABUSO DE DROGAS que produce adicción física y psíquica, Ley 1098 de 2006 Código de la Infancia y Adolescencia Los niños, las niñas y los adolescentes son sujetos de atención integral y preferente en salud mental y la Ley 1616 de 2013 Salud Mental Art 4: Garantía en Salud Mental.
Muchas son las medidas para evitar el consumo, en esta etapa primaria que la consideramos así antes que se lleve a cabo los primeros consumos. Metodología: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Para realizar el análisis se aplicaron instrumentos tales como el Test del Apgar familiar, Muñoz, Peralta y Nieto 2019, con un Alfa de Cronbach 0.9; el cual cuenta con las variables (Adaptación, Participación, G. de recursos, Afectividad, Capacidad resolutiva) y el cuestionario de Crafft, Barajas, Isaacson, Betanzos y ablázquez, con un Alfa de Cronbach 0.7; cuenta con las variables (Riesgo de Consumo Problemático y Dependencia de Alcohol). Resultados: participaron 150 jovenes de 18 a 24 años de edad, el consumo se evidencio con mayor probabilidad en el sexo femenino con un 53% y en el sexo masculino con 47%, existe una correlación muy positiva en el riesgo de consumo problemático y dependencia de alcohol. Conclusión: el consumo de SPA se evidencia a mas bajo apoyo familiar va aumenta el consumo en jovenes de 18 a 24 años.
The world situation due to the consumption of Psychoactive Substances is a problem that is damaging our youth, our current society and is also compromising the future society. Substances vary, from what is accepted to new substances that are quickly integrated into consumption, creating “slaves” of some immoral people who without measuring the damage caused to the consumer and his family turn them into addicts and rob them of their dreams, their life project and their peace of mind. This leads us to ask ourselves the question, what is the relationship between family functionality and PAS consumption in young people in Cucuta Norte de Santander? It is well known that PAS consumption is a growing public health problem that encompasses all social spheres, that like pandemics, does not discriminate against social classes, that produces a strong suffering in the families of the consumers, due to the behaviors of abandonment of themselves, delinquency, problems with justice, the change of life of the consumer and specifically that most of them end up being street dwellers, abandonment of academic activities, which disarticulates the family. For the realization of this study, we worked in the Corporation of Professionals for Comprehensive Community Development – CORPRODINCO Located in the city of Cucuta Norte de Santander. According to the literature review of various authors and experts on the subject worked on in this research, the different researches taken as a reference that have been conducted are noted, served as a basis and support for the research and even correlate the various studies that have been conducted based on the knowledge about family functionality and PAS consumption in young people. The research was divided into International, National and Regional levels. At the International level, a study was conducted by the authors Gonzalez. Joel et al. in 2020 at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, entitled Relation entre consume de Drogas y Bien star Psychologic en students Universitario’s Mexicans (Relationship between drug use and Psychological Well – being in Mexican University students). At the national level it was studied by the authors castaño – Jose, et al. in 2019 conducted on undergraduate students at the University of Manizales entitled Family Functionality and Addictive Tendencies to internet and Psychoactive substances in University Students. At the regional level it was studied by the authors Bonilla – Lizbeth et al. in the year 2020 carried out to students of the Pablo Correa Leon College in Cucuta. Entitled incidence of family functioning and drug use perceived by adolescent consumers and non- consumers of psychoactive substances SPA. Some vey basic concepts were established, as well as complementary and specific ones based on contributions from different authors, such as the definition of family, family functionality and risk factors for alcohol consumption. As for the legal framework, the present study is based on the regulations and legal provisions in force in Colombia, the practice of psychology, the code of Ethics and Bioethics and other provisions, political guarantee of its preservation, Law 30 of 1986 national statute of narcotics and its regulatory decree PREVENTION OF USE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS that produces physical and psychological addiction, law 1098 0f 2006 childhood and Adolescence code children and adolescents are subjects of comprehensive and preferential care in mental health and law 1616 of 2013 mental Health Art 4: Guarantee in Mental Health. There are may measures to avoid consumption in this primary stage, which we consider to be so before the first consumptions take place. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was carried out with a quantitative approach. To perform the analysis, instruments such as the Family Apgar Test, Muñoz, Peralta and Nieto 2019, with a Cronbach’s Alpha 0.9, which includes the variables (Adaptation, Participation, G. of resources, Affectivity, Resolving Capacity) and the Crafft, Barajas, Isaacson, Betanzos and ablazquez questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s Alpha 0.7; it includes the variables (Risk of Problematic Consumption and Alcohol Dependence). Were applied, Results: 150 young people between 18 and 24 years of age participated, consumption was more likely in the female sex with 53% and in the male sex with 47%, there is a very positive correlation in the risk of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence. Conclusion: the lower the family support, the higher the consumption in young people between 18 and 24 years of age.
The world situation due to the consumption of Psychoactive Substances is a problem that is damaging our youth, our current society and is also compromising the future society. Substances vary, from what is accepted to new substances that are quickly integrated into consumption, creating “slaves” of some immoral people who without measuring the damage caused to the consumer and his family turn them into addicts and rob them of their dreams, their life project and their peace of mind. This leads us to ask ourselves the question, what is the relationship between family functionality and PAS consumption in young people in Cucuta Norte de Santander? It is well known that PAS consumption is a growing public health problem that encompasses all social spheres, that like pandemics, does not discriminate against social classes, that produces a strong suffering in the families of the consumers, due to the behaviors of abandonment of themselves, delinquency, problems with justice, the change of life of the consumer and specifically that most of them end up being street dwellers, abandonment of academic activities, which disarticulates the family. For the realization of this study, we worked in the Corporation of Professionals for Comprehensive Community Development – CORPRODINCO Located in the city of Cucuta Norte de Santander. According to the literature review of various authors and experts on the subject worked on in this research, the different researches taken as a reference that have been conducted are noted, served as a basis and support for the research and even correlate the various studies that have been conducted based on the knowledge about family functionality and PAS consumption in young people. The research was divided into International, National and Regional levels. At the International level, a study was conducted by the authors Gonzalez. Joel et al. in 2020 at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico, entitled Relation entre consume de Drogas y Bien star Psychologic en students Universitario’s Mexicans (Relationship between drug use and Psychological Well – being in Mexican University students). At the national level it was studied by the authors castaño – Jose, et al. in 2019 conducted on undergraduate students at the University of Manizales entitled Family Functionality and Addictive Tendencies to internet and Psychoactive substances in University Students. At the regional level it was studied by the authors Bonilla – Lizbeth et al. in the year 2020 carried out to students of the Pablo Correa Leon College in Cucuta. Entitled incidence of family functioning and drug use perceived by adolescent consumers and non- consumers of psychoactive substances SPA. Some vey basic concepts were established, as well as complementary and specific ones based on contributions from different authors, such as the definition of family, family functionality and risk factors for alcohol consumption. As for the legal framework, the present study is based on the regulations and legal provisions in force in Colombia, the practice of psychology, the code of Ethics and Bioethics and other provisions, political guarantee of its preservation, Law 30 of 1986 national statute of narcotics and its regulatory decree PREVENTION OF USE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS that produces physical and psychological addiction, law 1098 0f 2006 childhood and Adolescence code children and adolescents are subjects of comprehensive and preferential care in mental health and law 1616 of 2013 mental Health Art 4: Guarantee in Mental Health. There are may measures to avoid consumption in this primary stage, which we consider to be so before the first consumptions take place. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was carried out with a quantitative approach. To perform the analysis, instruments such as the Family Apgar Test, Muñoz, Peralta and Nieto 2019, with a Cronbach’s Alpha 0.9, which includes the variables (Adaptation, Participation, G. of resources, Affectivity, Resolving Capacity) and the Crafft, Barajas, Isaacson, Betanzos and ablazquez questionnaire, with a Cronbach’s Alpha 0.7; it includes the variables (Risk of Problematic Consumption and Alcohol Dependence). Were applied, Results: 150 young people between 18 and 24 years of age participated, consumption was more likely in the female sex with 53% and in the male sex with 47%, there is a very positive correlation in the risk of problematic consumption and alcohol dependence. Conclusion: the lower the family support, the higher the consumption in young people between 18 and 24 years of age.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Funcionalidad familiar, Factores de riesgo, Consumo de SPA, Familia, Consumo Problemático
