Prácticas de crianza y su relación con la exposición a pantallas en adolescentes
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Arias Bastos, Nubia Yohana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La exposición a pantallas digitales se ha convertido en uno de los hábitos de la vida cotidiana de cada uno de los miembros de la familia, especialmente de los adolescentes quienes son los principales consumidores de medios audiovisuales superando las dos horas al día y utilizando en mayor medida dispositivos como el teléfono móvil, cuyo uso se incrementó por el confinamiento prolongado resultante de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID 19. Estudiar el tiempo que los adolescentes emplean en pantallas, se hace relevante teniendo en cuenta antecedentes que indican la existencia de una relación entre el tiempo de exposición a pantallas, los problemas de comportamiento, el déficit de atención, la ansiedad y los trastornos de sueño, entre otras consecuencias para la salud mental. Entre los diferentes factores que influyen sobre el tiempo de exposición a pantallas se considera el acceso a internet, la disponibilidad de dispositivos electrónicos y la necesidad de su uso para actividades básicas cotidiana, convirtiéndose en un hábito que es mediado por los adultos, quienes a partir de su ejercicio de crianza modulan la apropiada utilización en sus hijos. Al respecto, investigaciones señalan que el involucramiento parental influye en el comportamiento de los hijos desde tres procesos fundamentales, como las creencias, las pautas y prácticas; que a su vez implican otros elementos de la interacción como la responsabilidad, el grado de reacción frente a las necesidades del hijo y la demanda o grado de control que se ejerce. Por lo anterior, esta investigación analizó la relación entre las prácticas de crianza y la exposición a pantallas en los adolescentes, lo cual se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental de tipo correlacional, de corte transversal con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, contando con una muestra de adolescentes de 12 a 16 años. Para la recolección de la información, se utilizó el Inventario de prácticas de crianza y el cuestionario de hábitos y prácticas cotidianas, instrumentos válidos y confiables para población colombiana. Como resultados, se encontró, mayor tiempo de exposición en la televisión con un predominante tiempo de uso entre una y tres horas, siendo más frecuente la exposición a pantallas en los adolescentes de colegios privados hallazgo asociado al acceso a los dispositivos. En cuanto a las correlaciones, se encontró que las prácticas basadas en expresión de afecto favorecen hábitos como la lectura. Así mismo, el involucramiento, la orientación positiva y las prácticas de cuidado, mostraron relación inversamente proporcional con el uso de pantallas, consolidándose como prácticas que favorecen un uso más responsable de los dispositivos electrónicos. Por el contrario, las prácticas coercitivas y basadas en amenazas mostraron asociación negativa, siendo patrones de comportamiento parental que favorecen el tiempo que los hijos dedican a la televisión, teléfono y videojuegos. Se discuten los resultados advirtiendo que el uso de pantallas es alto en los adolescentes de la muestra, lo que invita a la implementación de estrategias para orientar a los padres en el ejercicio de crianza basado en afecto, involucramiento y orientación positiva, en miras de formar hijos con mejores hábitos de vida cotidiana y en consecuencia mejores habilidades de regulación de comportamiento social
Exposure to digital screens has become one of the daily habits of each family member, especially adolescents, who are the main consumers of audiovisual media, consuming more than two hours a day and using devices such as cell phones, whose use has increased due to the prolonged confinement resulting from the COVID 19 health emergency. The study of the time spent by adolescents on screens is relevant in view of the existence of a relationship between screen exposure time, behavioral problems, attention deficit, anxiety and sleep disorders, among other consequences for mental health. Among the different factors that influence screen exposure time are internet access, the availability of electronic devices and the need to use them for basic daily activities, making it a habit that is mediated by adults, who, through their parenting, modulate the appropriate use of screens by their children. In this regard, research indicates that parental involvement influences children's behavior from three fundamental processes, such as beliefs, guidelines and practices, which in turn involve other elements of interaction such as responsibility, the degree of reaction to the child's needs and the demand or degree of control exercised. Therefore, this research analyzed the relationship between parenting practices and exposure to screens in adolescents, which was developed under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design of correlational type, cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, with a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. For the collection of information, the Parenting Practices Inventory and the Habits and Daily Practices Questionnaire were used as valid and reliable instruments for the Colombian population. As results, it was found, more time of exposure to television with a predominant time of use between one and three hours, being more frequent the exposure to screens in adolescents of private schools, a finding associated to the access to the devices. Regarding correlations, it was found that practices based on the expression of affection favor habits such as reading. Likewise, involvement, positive orientation and caring practices showed an inversely proportional relationship with the use of screens, consolidating as practices that favor a more responsible use of electronic devices. On the contrary, coercive, and threat-based practices showed a negative association, being parental behavior patterns that favor the time that children dedicate to television, telephone and video games. The results are discussed, warning that the use of screens is high in the adolescents in the sample, which invites the implementation of strategies to guide parents in the exercise of parenting based on affection, involvement, and positive orientation, in order to form children with better daily living habits and consequently better social behavior regulation skills.
Exposure to digital screens has become one of the daily habits of each family member, especially adolescents, who are the main consumers of audiovisual media, consuming more than two hours a day and using devices such as cell phones, whose use has increased due to the prolonged confinement resulting from the COVID 19 health emergency. The study of the time spent by adolescents on screens is relevant in view of the existence of a relationship between screen exposure time, behavioral problems, attention deficit, anxiety and sleep disorders, among other consequences for mental health. Among the different factors that influence screen exposure time are internet access, the availability of electronic devices and the need to use them for basic daily activities, making it a habit that is mediated by adults, who, through their parenting, modulate the appropriate use of screens by their children. In this regard, research indicates that parental involvement influences children's behavior from three fundamental processes, such as beliefs, guidelines and practices, which in turn involve other elements of interaction such as responsibility, the degree of reaction to the child's needs and the demand or degree of control exercised. Therefore, this research analyzed the relationship between parenting practices and exposure to screens in adolescents, which was developed under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design of correlational type, cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, with a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. For the collection of information, the Parenting Practices Inventory and the Habits and Daily Practices Questionnaire were used as valid and reliable instruments for the Colombian population. As results, it was found, more time of exposure to television with a predominant time of use between one and three hours, being more frequent the exposure to screens in adolescents of private schools, a finding associated to the access to the devices. Regarding correlations, it was found that practices based on the expression of affection favor habits such as reading. Likewise, involvement, positive orientation and caring practices showed an inversely proportional relationship with the use of screens, consolidating as practices that favor a more responsible use of electronic devices. On the contrary, coercive, and threat-based practices showed a negative association, being parental behavior patterns that favor the time that children dedicate to television, telephone and video games. The results are discussed, warning that the use of screens is high in the adolescents in the sample, which invites the implementation of strategies to guide parents in the exercise of parenting based on affection, involvement, and positive orientation, in order to form children with better daily living habits and consequently better social behavior regulation skills.
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Palabras clave
Prácticas de crianza, Adolescentes, Hábitos, Tiempo en pantalla, Involucramiento, Parenting practices, Adolescents, Habits, Screen time, Involvement
