Efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar basado en ejercicios físico en el adulto con asma: revisión bibliográfica.
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Fonseca Viadero, Andrea Camila
Lobo Veron, Daniela Andrea
Bossio Pérez, Giusella Brigitte
Diaz Zambrano, Linda Isabel
Caro Escalante, María Auxiliadora
Diaz Caballero, María Fernanda
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Los pacientes asmáticos tienden a presentar una menor tolerancia al ejercicio físico, debido a síntomas durante el ejercicio y por otras razones tales como la falta de condición física, como consecuencia de la inactividad. El tratamiento actual del asma está dirigido está dirigido al control de la enfermedad, con un enfoque multidimensional, evaluándose diversas esferas como frecuencia de los síntomas, necesidad de tratamiento de rescate, función pulmonar y si existe limitación en la actividad física por asma o síntomas generados por el ejercicio. De esta manera resulta imprescindible analizar el sustento bibliográfico actualizado sobre la rehabilitación pulmonar en base al ejercicio físico en pacientes asmáticos, con el fin de evidenciar el tratamiento más efectivo los beneficios que este otorga y de qué forma se miden (variables); atreves de una revisión bibliográfica. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar mediante una revisión bibliográfica la efectividad de un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar basado en ejercicio físico en el adulto con asma, conceptualizar la teoría del asma y la relevancia de la rehabilitación pulmonar en estos pacientes, Identificar los parámetros de examinación y evaluación del adulto con asma, describir los componentes que están asociados a la intervención relacionados con él, Ejercicio. (p. ej., intensidad del ejercicio, duración del programa, educación, etc.). Describir los resultados a largo plazo en personas con asma que acuden al programa de rehabilitación pulmonar. Los resultados muestran estudios comprendidos entre 2014 a 2021, línea de tiempo 7 años para el análisis de la información, la búsqueda se inició el 3 de agosto de 2022, la más reciente se realizó el 11 de septiembre del mismo año. El flujo de artículos utilizados en la presente revisión sistemática. De los 50 artículos iniciales, 10 fueron descartados: 5 por encontrarse duplicados y el resto por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión, ni presentar la calidad demandada por los autores para incluirlos en la revisión. Finalmente han sido un total de 9 los artículos utilizados. Todos los artículos fueron divididos en 3 apartados que hacen deferencia a las diferentes relaciones entre participación con asma. Técnica de rehabilitación y evaluación por calidad de vida. En esta revisión sistemática se incluyen artículos entre los años 2014-2022. se concluye que la rehabilitación pulmonar en base a ejercicio físico de carácter aeróbico son una de las formas más efectivas a la hora de generar resultados y beneficios en pacientes asmáticos sin patologías discapacitantes, todo esta evaluado por medio de tres variables (Participante con asma, técnica de rehabilitación y evaluación de la calidad de vida) las cuales utilizan frecuentemente en cada estudio para medir su efectividad cabe destacar que la tolerancia al esfuerzo es uno de los principales motivos de consulta y se puede ver aumentada por los cambios cardiovasculares. La finalidad de esta revisión sistemática es entregar una visión actualizada de la rehabilitación pulmonar y cuáles son los tipos de terapias más efectivas en base a ejercicio físico que existen en la base de datos para así poder tener certeza de cuál es el tratamiento más efectivo a la hora de tratar pacientes asmáticos y así poder generar propuestas que se complementen con el tratamiento de kinesiología
convencional generando así
mayor adherencia en la comunidad mayor interacción social y ampliar las opciones terapéuticas con una visión integrativa basada en la evidencia.
Asthmatic patients tend to present a lower tolerance to physical exercise, due to symptoms during exercise and for other reasons such as lack of physical condition because of inactivity. Current asthma treatment is aimed at controlling the disease, with a multidimensional approach, evaluating various areas such as frequency of symptoms, need for rescue therapy, lung function and whether there is limitation in physical activity due to asthma or symptoms generated by exercise. Thus, it is essential to analyze the updated literature on pulmonary rehabilitation based on physical exercise in asthmatic patients, to demonstrate the most effective treatment, the benefits it provides and how they are measured (variables), through a literature review. The purpose of this study was to determine through a literature review the effectiveness of an exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation program in the adult with asthma, conceptualize the theory of asthma and the relevance of pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients, identify the parameters of examination and evaluation of the adult with asthma, describe the components that are associated with the exercise-related intervention (e.g., exercise intensity, program duration, education, etc.), and describe the long-term outcomes of a physical exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation program in adults with asthma. Describe long-term outcomes in people with asthma attending pulmonary rehabilitation program. Results show studies comprised between 2014 to 2021, timeline 7 years for information analysis, the search was initiated on August 3, 2022, the most recent search was conducted on September 11, 2022. The flow of articles used in the present systematic review. Of the fifty initial articles, ten were discarded: five because they were duplicates and the rest because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or did not meet the quality required by the authors for inclusion in the review. Finally, a total of nine articles were used. All the articles were divided into three sections that refer to the different relationships between participation with asthma. Rehabilitation technique and quality of life assessment. This systematic review includes articles between the years 2014-2022 it is concluded that pulmonary rehabilitation based on aerobic physical exercise are one of the most effective ways to generate results and benefits in asthmatic patients without disabling pathologies, everything is evaluated by means of three variables (Participant with asthma, rehabilitation technique and evaluation of quality of life) which are frequently used in each study to measure its effectiveness it should be noted that the tolerance to effort is one of the main reasons for consultation and can be increased by cardiovascular changes. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an updated vision of pulmonary rehabilitation and which are the most effective types of therapies based on physical exercise that exist in the database in order to be certain of which is the most effective treatment when treating asthmatic patients and thus be able to generate proposals that complement conventional kinesiology treatment thus generating greater adherence in the community, greater social interaction and expand the therapeutic options with an integrative vision based on evidence.
Asthmatic patients tend to present a lower tolerance to physical exercise, due to symptoms during exercise and for other reasons such as lack of physical condition because of inactivity. Current asthma treatment is aimed at controlling the disease, with a multidimensional approach, evaluating various areas such as frequency of symptoms, need for rescue therapy, lung function and whether there is limitation in physical activity due to asthma or symptoms generated by exercise. Thus, it is essential to analyze the updated literature on pulmonary rehabilitation based on physical exercise in asthmatic patients, to demonstrate the most effective treatment, the benefits it provides and how they are measured (variables), through a literature review. The purpose of this study was to determine through a literature review the effectiveness of an exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation program in the adult with asthma, conceptualize the theory of asthma and the relevance of pulmonary rehabilitation in these patients, identify the parameters of examination and evaluation of the adult with asthma, describe the components that are associated with the exercise-related intervention (e.g., exercise intensity, program duration, education, etc.), and describe the long-term outcomes of a physical exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation program in adults with asthma. Describe long-term outcomes in people with asthma attending pulmonary rehabilitation program. Results show studies comprised between 2014 to 2021, timeline 7 years for information analysis, the search was initiated on August 3, 2022, the most recent search was conducted on September 11, 2022. The flow of articles used in the present systematic review. Of the fifty initial articles, ten were discarded: five because they were duplicates and the rest because they did not meet the inclusion criteria or did not meet the quality required by the authors for inclusion in the review. Finally, a total of nine articles were used. All the articles were divided into three sections that refer to the different relationships between participation with asthma. Rehabilitation technique and quality of life assessment. This systematic review includes articles between the years 2014-2022 it is concluded that pulmonary rehabilitation based on aerobic physical exercise are one of the most effective ways to generate results and benefits in asthmatic patients without disabling pathologies, everything is evaluated by means of three variables (Participant with asthma, rehabilitation technique and evaluation of quality of life) which are frequently used in each study to measure its effectiveness it should be noted that the tolerance to effort is one of the main reasons for consultation and can be increased by cardiovascular changes. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an updated vision of pulmonary rehabilitation and which are the most effective types of therapies based on physical exercise that exist in the database in order to be certain of which is the most effective treatment when treating asthmatic patients and thus be able to generate proposals that complement conventional kinesiology treatment thus generating greater adherence in the community, greater social interaction and expand the therapeutic options with an integrative vision based on evidence.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Rehabilitación pulmonar, Asma, Calidad de vida, Pacientes asmáticos, Ejercicios respiratorios, Ejercicios físicos
