Categorización de los hábitos desde un modelo dual: Contribuciones a la salud cardiovascular
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Riaño-Garzón, Manuel
Bermudez, Valmore
Escudero-Cabarcas, Johana
Ortiz, Rina
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Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela
Resumen
La enfermedad cardiovascular es la principal causa de muerte en el mundo, siendo una condición médica que se puede prevenir desde la modificación del estilo de vida y los hábitos. El concepto de “hábito” se refiere genéricamente a los comportamientos repetitivos que configuran una forma de ser, modificable voluntariamente y cuyo aprendizaje puede favorecer el incremento de beneficios para la salud física y mental. Al hacer una revisión minuciosa de dicho concepto, se destacan definiciones desde la medicina y la psicología referidas a la promoción de la salud física y mental; sin embargo, no se reporta una taxonomía específica desde un consenso interdisciplinario, por lo cual, la presente revisión narrativa busca categorizar los hábitos, identificando sus componentes y su relación con la salud cardiovascular. Como resultado, se formula un modelo dual que integra los hábitos de autocuidado-heterocuidado y los hábitos de estimulación-disfrute. A partir de dicho modelo, se analiza literatura científica en las bases de datos Science Direct, National Center for Biotechnology Information y APA Psycnet concluyendo una asociación entre los hábitos y la salud cardiovascular, siendo especialmente saludables los comportamientos habituales de autocuidado como el sueño/descanso, organización, ingesta y consumo desprovistos de excesos; mientras que desde los hábitos de estimulación-disfrute, se reportaron beneficios de la actividad física, expresión artística, introspección/autorreflexión e información/educación. La taxonomía propuesta puede ser el punto de partida de futuras investigaciones que analicen el rol particular de cada uno de los hábitos en beneficio de la salud física y mental.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, being a medical condition that can be prevented by modi fying lifestyle and habits. The concept of “habit” refers generically to the repetitive behaviors that shape a way of being, that can be modified voluntarily and that when learned in particular ways can increase the benefits for physical and mental health. When making a thorough review of this concept, medicine and psychology defini tions referring to promotion physical and mental health are highlighted; however, a specific taxonomy with inter disciplinary consensus has not been reported, therefore, this narrative review seeks to conceptualize habits and their relationship with cardiovascular health from a review of scientific literature. Based on this model, we analyzed scientific literature in the Science Direct, National Center for Biotechnology Information and APA Psycnet databas es, concluding an association between habits and cardio vascular health. From this model, an association between cardiovascular health and habits is concluded, especially habitual self-care behaviors such as sleep, organization, intake, and consumption without excess; while from the stimulation-enjoyment habits, benefits of physical activity, artistic expression, introspection-self-reflection and infor mation-education were reported. The proposed taxonomy may be the starting point for future research that analyzes the role of each of the habits for the benefit of physical and mental health.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, being a medical condition that can be prevented by modi fying lifestyle and habits. The concept of “habit” refers generically to the repetitive behaviors that shape a way of being, that can be modified voluntarily and that when learned in particular ways can increase the benefits for physical and mental health. When making a thorough review of this concept, medicine and psychology defini tions referring to promotion physical and mental health are highlighted; however, a specific taxonomy with inter disciplinary consensus has not been reported, therefore, this narrative review seeks to conceptualize habits and their relationship with cardiovascular health from a review of scientific literature. Based on this model, we analyzed scientific literature in the Science Direct, National Center for Biotechnology Information and APA Psycnet databas es, concluding an association between habits and cardio vascular health. From this model, an association between cardiovascular health and habits is concluded, especially habitual self-care behaviors such as sleep, organization, intake, and consumption without excess; while from the stimulation-enjoyment habits, benefits of physical activity, artistic expression, introspection-self-reflection and infor mation-education were reported. The proposed taxonomy may be the starting point for future research that analyzes the role of each of the habits for the benefit of physical and mental health.
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Palabras clave
Hábitos saludables, Comportamientos saludables, Estilo de vida, Enfermedad cardiaca coronaria, Salud, Actitud frente a la salud
