Trastornos psiquiátricos en niños y adolescentes víctimas de abuso sexual en la Región Caribe colombiana entre el 2017 y 2018
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Palacio Pérez, Johana Esther
Salabarria Rosales, Maira Ester
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
En Colombia el abuso sexual infantil ha venido en aumento, y con ello las patologías mentales que están asociadas a este tipo de evento, en la Región Caribe colombiana los reportes asociadas a esta problemática son pobres.
Objetivo: Relacionar los trastornos psiquiátricos en niños y adolescentes víctimas de abuso sexual en la Región Caribe Colombiana.
Metodología: Estudio analítico, retrospectivo, cuantitativo de las víctimas de abuso sexual atendidas en servicio de consulta externa de único centro estatal en la Región Caribe colombiana. Se identificaron en las historias clínicas (HC) realizadas por psiquiatría infantil, aquellas en las cuales se encontrare al menos un trastorno psiquiátrico posterior a ser víctimas de abuso sexual. A estas se les caracterizó sociodemográfica y se estableció la relación entre las características del abuso, el vínculo del agresor y el trastorno mental a través de un χ² y un Análisis de Correspondencias Simple.
Resultados:Se evaluaron en total 60 HC. El principal grupo de riesgo fueron las niñas en edad adolescente (70%). los trastornos de mayor prevalencia fueron el depresivo (53.3%), Trastorno mixto de ansiedad y depresión (25%) y perturbación en la actividad y atención con un 16%. La edad, sexo, tipo de abuso, cercanía con el abusador y trastorno mental diagnosticado tuvieron una asociación significativa (p-valor < 0.05).
In Colombia, child sexual abuse has been increasing, and with it the mental pathologies that are associated with this type of event, in the Colombian Caribbean Region the reports associated with this problem are poor.-. Objective: Relate psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents’ victims of sexual abuse in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Methodology: Analytical, retrospective, quantitative study of victims of sexual abuse treated in an outpatient service of the only state center in the Colombian Caribbean Region. They were identified in the medical records (HC) performed by child psychiatry, those in which at least one psychiatric disorder will be found after being victims of sexual abuse. These were characterized as sociodemographic and the relationship between the characteristics of the abuse, the link of the aggressor and the mental disorder was established through a χ² and a Simple Correspondence Analysis. Results: A total of 60 HC was evaluated. The main risk group was adolescent girls (70%). the most prevalent disorders were depressive (53.3%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (25%) and activity and attention disturbance with 16%. Age, sex, type of abuse, proximity to the abuser and diagnosed mental disorder had a significant association (p-value <0.05).
In Colombia, child sexual abuse has been increasing, and with it the mental pathologies that are associated with this type of event, in the Colombian Caribbean Region the reports associated with this problem are poor.-. Objective: Relate psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents’ victims of sexual abuse in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Methodology: Analytical, retrospective, quantitative study of victims of sexual abuse treated in an outpatient service of the only state center in the Colombian Caribbean Region. They were identified in the medical records (HC) performed by child psychiatry, those in which at least one psychiatric disorder will be found after being victims of sexual abuse. These were characterized as sociodemographic and the relationship between the characteristics of the abuse, the link of the aggressor and the mental disorder was established through a χ² and a Simple Correspondence Analysis. Results: A total of 60 HC was evaluated. The main risk group was adolescent girls (70%). the most prevalent disorders were depressive (53.3%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (25%) and activity and attention disturbance with 16%. Age, sex, type of abuse, proximity to the abuser and diagnosed mental disorder had a significant association (p-value <0.05).
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Palabras clave
Abuso sexual, Infancia y adolescencia, Depresión, Ansiedad, Psicosis, Sexual abuse, Childhood, Depression, Anxiety, Psychosi
