Estudio de casos e impacto en el empleo en las empresas que aceptaron el régimen ZESE en la ciudad de Cúcuta
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Botello Corredor, Raquel
Garcia Acuña, Maribel Natalia
Portilla Villabona, Naylen Juliana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El departamento administrativo nacional de estadísticas-DANE reveló en el último informe del mercado laboral de Colombia, corte enero de 2022; según la entidad, para el primer mes del año, la tasa de desempleo en el país se ubicó en 14,6%, la cual en enero del 2021 fue de 17,5%, lo que representa una caída de 2,9 puntos porcentuales.
La capital del Norte de Santander, se presenta durante los últimos años como una de las ciudades con mayor complejidad frente al panorama de desempleo, informalidad y pobreza, situación que se ha convertido en una constante en esta zona del país, pues así lo indica cifras reveladas por el mercado laboral urbano del Departamento Nacional de Planeación, donde muestran a Cúcuta y su área metropolitana durante los últimos 5 años, situada en los 3 primeros puestos con índices de desempleos altos a nivel nacional; en 2017 presentó un desempleo de 15,9% llegando al año 2021 con una tasa de19,4%; y en todo este transcurrir fue la ciudad que presenta la mayor proporción de ocupados informales en el país.
Ante esta problemática, el Gobierno Nacional en el año 2019 opto por diseñar una nueva figura, que incluyó en el Plan de Desarrollo 2018-2022 “Pacto por Colombia, Pacto por la Equidad” (Ley 1955, 2019), en su artículo 268, denominada “Zona Económica y Social Especial (ZESE)”, para los departamentos de la Guajira, Norte de Santander, Arauca, y las ciudades capitales de Armenia y Quibdó.
Con la expedición de la normatividad anteriormente mencionada, Las ZESE se presenta como una apuesta estatal, que busca disminuir el desempleo e incentivar la inversión y producción de estas regiones del país a partir de estímulos tributarios, sin embargo, dos años después de entrar en vigor se propone realizar esta investigación que busca analizar el impacto que ha causado el régimen ZESE en la generación de empleo de las empresas estudio de casos en la ciudad de Cúcuta.
Para ello se Identificará la tasa de empleo en la ciudad de Cúcuta y en las empresas estudio de casos antes de la implementación del régimen ZESE. Así mismo se presentará la situación de empleo en el tiempo de la implementación del régimen ZESE, en la ciudad de Cúcuta y en las empresas estudio de casos (periodo 2020 y 2022), para finalmente comparar el efecto que causo el régimen ZESE en las empresas estudio de casos seleccionadas.
The National Administrative Department of Statistics-DANE revealed in the latest report on the Colombian labor market, January 2022; According to the entity, for the first month of the year, the unemployment rate in the country stood at 14.6%, which in January 2021 was 17.5%, which represents a drop of 2.9 percentage points. The capital of Norte de Santander has been presented in recent years as one of the cities with the greatest complexity in the face of unemployment, informality and poverty, a situation that has become a constant in this area of the country, as indicated by figures revealed by the urban labor market of the National Planning Department. where they show Cucuta and its metropolitan area during the last 5 years, located in the top 3 positions with high unemployment rates at the national level; in 2017 it presented an unemployment rate of 15.9%, reaching the year 2021 with a rate of 19.4%; and in all this passage it was the city with the highest proportion of informal workers in the country. Faced with this problem, the National Government in 2019 chose to design a new figure, which included in the 2018-2022 Development Plan "Pact for Colombia, Pact for Equity" (Law 1955, 2019), in its article 268, called "Special Economic and Social Zone (ZESE)", for the departments of La Guajira, Norte de Santander, Arauca, and the capital cities of Armenia and Quibdó. With the issuance of the aforementioned regulations, the ZESE is presented as a state commitment, which seeks to reduce unemployment and encourage investment and production in these regions of the country from tax incentives, however, two years after entering into force, it is proposed to carry out this research that seeks to analyze the impact that the ZESE regime has caused in the generation of employment of companies. city of Cucuta. To this end, the employment rate in the city of Cucuta and in the companies will be identified in case studies before the implementation of the ZESE regime. Likewise, the employment situation at the time of the implementation of the ZESE regime will be presented, in the city of Cucuta and in the case study companies (period 2020 and 2022), to finally compare the effect that the ZESE regime caused in the selected case study companies.
The National Administrative Department of Statistics-DANE revealed in the latest report on the Colombian labor market, January 2022; According to the entity, for the first month of the year, the unemployment rate in the country stood at 14.6%, which in January 2021 was 17.5%, which represents a drop of 2.9 percentage points. The capital of Norte de Santander has been presented in recent years as one of the cities with the greatest complexity in the face of unemployment, informality and poverty, a situation that has become a constant in this area of the country, as indicated by figures revealed by the urban labor market of the National Planning Department. where they show Cucuta and its metropolitan area during the last 5 years, located in the top 3 positions with high unemployment rates at the national level; in 2017 it presented an unemployment rate of 15.9%, reaching the year 2021 with a rate of 19.4%; and in all this passage it was the city with the highest proportion of informal workers in the country. Faced with this problem, the National Government in 2019 chose to design a new figure, which included in the 2018-2022 Development Plan "Pact for Colombia, Pact for Equity" (Law 1955, 2019), in its article 268, called "Special Economic and Social Zone (ZESE)", for the departments of La Guajira, Norte de Santander, Arauca, and the capital cities of Armenia and Quibdó. With the issuance of the aforementioned regulations, the ZESE is presented as a state commitment, which seeks to reduce unemployment and encourage investment and production in these regions of the country from tax incentives, however, two years after entering into force, it is proposed to carry out this research that seeks to analyze the impact that the ZESE regime has caused in the generation of employment of companies. city of Cucuta. To this end, the employment rate in the city of Cucuta and in the companies will be identified in case studies before the implementation of the ZESE regime. Likewise, the employment situation at the time of the implementation of the ZESE regime will be presented, in the city of Cucuta and in the case study companies (period 2020 and 2022), to finally compare the effect that the ZESE regime caused in the selected case study companies.
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Palabras clave
Empleo, Ley ZESE, Microempresarios
