Influencia de los determinantes socioecológicos en la obesidad y el sobrepeso de los escolares en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Angulo Torrenegra, Grace Margarita
Gómez Meneses, Mildrenth Virginia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los determinantes socioecológicos en la obesidad y el sobrepeso de los escolares en Barranquilla. Materiales y Métodos: El enfoque del siguiente estudio fue de carácter cuantitativo, tipo de diseño observacional y de cohorte transversal; su desarrollo se llevó a cabo en dos Instituciones Educativas públicas del distrito de Barranquilla, durante el periodo mayo - junio del año 2024. Teniendo en cuenta que la población total de la comunidad estudiantil en las dos Instituciones Educativas fue de 1.530, se analizó una muestra de 242 escolares, en edades entre 10 y 17 años. Se utilizó el instrumento ISCOLE para evaluar aspectos relacionados con el estilo de vida y nutrición; entorno escolar, el barrio. Resultados: En el estudio participaron 243 escolares, el 51.9% eran hombres con una media de edad de 13.7. El 66.7% tenía normopeso y el 33.3% sobrepeso/obesidad. El 90.1% no cumplía con las recomendaciones de actividad física. No hubo diferencias significativas en comportamientos sedentarios y consumo alimentario entre los grupos. Las percepciones y motivaciones hacia la actividad física fueron similares, sin diferencias significativas entre los escolares con diferentes IMC. Conclusiones: El estudio evidenció que la población general no cumple con las recomendaciones para la práctica de la Actividad Física (AF), dentro de este grupo la mayor población presentaba sobrepeso y obesidad. Resalta la necesidad de un enfoque integral en Instituciones Educativas y hogares para fomentar estilos de vida saludables, incluyendo actividad física, alimentación balanceada, y reducción de tiempo en pantallas.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of socioecological determinants on obesity and overweight among schoolchildren in Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: The focus of the following study was quantitative, observational and cross-sectional cohort design type; its development was carried out in two public educational institutions in the district of Barranquilla, during the period May - June 2024. Taking into account that the total population of the student community in the two educational institutions was 1,530, a sample of 242 schoolchildren, between the ages of 10 and 17, was analyzed. The ISCOLE instrument was used to evaluate aspects related to lifestyle and nutrition; school environment, the neighborhood. Results: 243 schoolchildren from two public schools in Barranquilla participated in the study, 51.9% were boys with a mean age of 13.7 years. 66.7% had normal weight and 66.7% were underweight. The 66.7% were normal weight and 33.3% were overweight/obese. A total of 90.1% did not comply with the physical activity recommendations. There were no significant differences in sedentary behaviors and food consumption between the groups. Perceptions and motivations toward physical activity were similar, with no significant differences between schoolchildren with different BMIs. Conclusions: The study showed that the general population does not comply with the recommendations for practicing Physical Activity (PA); within this group, the majority of the population was overweight and obese. It highlights the need for a comprehensive approach in educational institutions and homes to promote healthy lifestyles, including physical activity, balanced diet, and reduction of screen time.
Objective: To evaluate the influence of socioecological determinants on obesity and overweight among schoolchildren in Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: The focus of the following study was quantitative, observational and cross-sectional cohort design type; its development was carried out in two public educational institutions in the district of Barranquilla, during the period May - June 2024. Taking into account that the total population of the student community in the two educational institutions was 1,530, a sample of 242 schoolchildren, between the ages of 10 and 17, was analyzed. The ISCOLE instrument was used to evaluate aspects related to lifestyle and nutrition; school environment, the neighborhood. Results: 243 schoolchildren from two public schools in Barranquilla participated in the study, 51.9% were boys with a mean age of 13.7 years. 66.7% had normal weight and 66.7% were underweight. The 66.7% were normal weight and 33.3% were overweight/obese. A total of 90.1% did not comply with the physical activity recommendations. There were no significant differences in sedentary behaviors and food consumption between the groups. Perceptions and motivations toward physical activity were similar, with no significant differences between schoolchildren with different BMIs. Conclusions: The study showed that the general population does not comply with the recommendations for practicing Physical Activity (PA); within this group, the majority of the population was overweight and obese. It highlights the need for a comprehensive approach in educational institutions and homes to promote healthy lifestyles, including physical activity, balanced diet, and reduction of screen time.
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Obesidad, Determinantes socioecológicos, Actividad física, Comportamiento sedentario y escolares