Parque Eólico Windpeshi en la Guajira: análisis de conflictos sociales y propuesta de intervención desde las empresas sociales
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Mendoza Hernández, Erika Lisbeth
Parra Corredor, Deisy Yuliana
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza los conflictos sociales que llevaron a la suspensión del Parque Eólico Windpeshi en La Guajira, Colombia, proponiendo un modelo de intervención desde las empresas sociales para abordar estos desafíos en proyectos de infraestructura energética. Objetivo general: Diseñar un modelo de abordaje para conflictos sociales en proyectos energéticos, basado en el caso Windpeshi, mediante un análisis inductivo. Metodología: Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo con análisis documental de fuentes como UPME (2023) y CEPAL (2021), entrevistas semiestructuradas, cartografía social y codificación temática para caracterizar actores, dinámicas de conflicto y estrategias de mediación. Resultados: Se identificaron actores clave (ENEL, comunidades Wayuu, Ministerio del Interior, asesores externos) y dinámicas como exclusión en consultas previas, fragmentación comunitaria, intervención de asesores externos y debilidad institucional, que culminaron en la suspensión del proyecto en 2023. Se proponen cuatro estrategias: evaluaciones de impacto social, plataformas de diálogo intercultural, programas de beneficio compartido y articulación estatal. Conclusiones: Las estrategias basadas en empresas sociales mitigan conflictos al promover diálogo intercultural, beneficios equitativos y gobernanza territorial, ofreciendo un modelo replicable para una transición energética justa e
inclusiva en contextos indígenas
This research analyzes the social conflicts that led to the suspension of the Windpeshi Wind Farm in La Guajira, Colombia, proposing an intervention model from social enterprises to address these challenges in energy infrastructure projects. General objective: To design a model to address social conflicts in energy projects, based on the Windpeshi case, through an inductive analysis. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used with documentary analysis of sources such as UPME (2023) and ECLAC (2021), semi-structured interviews, social mapping and thematic coding to characterize actors, conflict dynamics and mediation strategies. Results: Key actors (ENEL, Wayuu communities, Ministry of the Interior, external advisors) and dynamics such as exclusion in prior consultations, community fragmentation, intervention of external advisors and institutional weakness were identified, which culminated in the suspension of the project in 2023. Four strategies are proposed: social impact assessments, intercultural dialogue platforms, benefit-sharing programs and state articulation. Conclusions: Social enterprise-based strategies mitigate conflict by promoting intercultural dialogue, equitable benefits, and territorial governance, offering a replicable model for a just and inclusive energy transition in Indigenous contexts.
This research analyzes the social conflicts that led to the suspension of the Windpeshi Wind Farm in La Guajira, Colombia, proposing an intervention model from social enterprises to address these challenges in energy infrastructure projects. General objective: To design a model to address social conflicts in energy projects, based on the Windpeshi case, through an inductive analysis. Methodology: A qualitative approach was used with documentary analysis of sources such as UPME (2023) and ECLAC (2021), semi-structured interviews, social mapping and thematic coding to characterize actors, conflict dynamics and mediation strategies. Results: Key actors (ENEL, Wayuu communities, Ministry of the Interior, external advisors) and dynamics such as exclusion in prior consultations, community fragmentation, intervention of external advisors and institutional weakness were identified, which culminated in the suspension of the project in 2023. Four strategies are proposed: social impact assessments, intercultural dialogue platforms, benefit-sharing programs and state articulation. Conclusions: Social enterprise-based strategies mitigate conflict by promoting intercultural dialogue, equitable benefits, and territorial governance, offering a replicable model for a just and inclusive energy transition in Indigenous contexts.
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Palabras clave
Conflictos socioambientales, Empresas sociales, Consulta previa, Transición energética, Licencia social para operar
