Síndrome de Burnout, calidad de sueño y síntomas osteomusculares en trabajadores de la región Caribe colombiana
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2024
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar las características de Burnout, los niveles del sueño y los
síntomas osteomusculares en los trabajadores de la Región Caribe Colombiana.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con
enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de datos, se emplearon tres instrumentos
validados: el Maslach Burnout Inventory para medir el estrés laboral, agotamiento
emocional y despersonalización; el Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index para evaluar la
calidad del sueño; y el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka para identificar
sintomatología osteomuscular. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el sector
comercial del mercado público del municipio de Pivijay, Magdalena, y con
trabajadores del centro de desarrollo infantil ubicado en la ciudad de Barranquilla.
Previo al inicio del estudio, se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de todos los
participantes, quienes fueron debidamente informados sobre los objetivos, riesgos
potenciales, beneficios y su derecho a retirarse en cualquier momento. Se garantizó
la confidencialidad de los datos de los participantes durante todo el proceso. La
recolección de datos se realizó mediante dos métodos principales: Autoinformes:
Los participantes completaron cuestionarios y una encuesta digital sobre variables
sociodemográficas y factores laborales. Entrevistas personales: Se realizaron para
obtener información más detallada sobre las experiencias de los participantes. Se
estableció un cronograma para el diligenciamiento de los cuestionarios y se
proporcionó orientación a los participantes sobre cómo introducir la información.
Para el procesamiento y análisis de datos, se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS
versión 25 (bajo licencia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar). El análisis incluyó
estadística descriptiva para determinar frecuencias y porcentajes, así como
estadística inferencial, empleando la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson para
examinar posibles relaciones entre variables. Los datos cualitativos obtenidos de
las entrevistas se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis de contenido.
Resultados: El 37% de la muestra objeto de investigación, conformada por 61
trabajadores del sector económico público y terciario, presenta que nunca ha
sentido cansancio debido al síndrome de Burnout y que al contrario que un 75,4%
siente que trabaja positivo para las personas. En cuanto a la calidad del sueño un
57.4 % considera presentar mala calidad del sueño y el 8,2% se encuentra
emocionalmente agotados.
Conclusión: La investigación reveló un panorama mixto de bienestar laboral.
Mientras se observó resistencia al síndrome de Burnout y actitudes positivas hacia
el trabajo, se detectaron problemas significativos en la calidad del sueño y, en menor
medida, agotamiento emocional. Estos hallazgos establecen la necesidad de
implementar estrategias integrales que aborden tanto la calidad del sueño como el
bienestar laboral general, con énfasis en la prevención de problemas
osteomusculares, especialmente en empleados con cargos operativos. Una
intervención oportuna basada en estos resultados podría mejorar significativamente
la calidad de vida de los trabajadores, prevenir el burnout, optimizar los patrones de
sueño, reducir los síntomas osteomusculares y, en consecuencia, aumentar la
productividad y el compromiso organizacional.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out. For data collection, an authorization letter was obtained through the Simón Bolívar University to request access to the company and begin the research. This document was sent to the company's management, which granted approval to carry out the proposed study. With this authorization, the research process began at the company's facilities, complying with all the protocols and requirements established by both the university and the participating organization. Three validated instruments were used: the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure work stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality; and the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire to identify musculoskeletal symptoms. The research was carried out in the commercial sector of the public market of the municipality of Pivijay, Magdalena, and with workers from the child development center located in the city of Barranquilla. Prior to the start of the study, informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were duly informed about the objectives, potential risks, benefits and their right to withdraw at any time. The confidentiality of the participants' data was guaranteed throughout the process. Data collection was carried out using two main methods: Self-reports: Participants completed questionnaires and a digital survey on sociodemographic variables and work factors. Personal interviews: These were conducted to obtain more detailed information about the participants' experiences. A schedule was established for completing the questionnaires and guidance was provided to participants on how to enter the information. For data processing and analysis, the statistical program SPSS version 25 was used (under license from the Simón Bolívar University). The analysis included descriptive statistics to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics, using Pearson's chisquare test to examine possible relationships between variables. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Results: 37% of the sample under investigation, made up of 61 workers in the public and tertiary economic sector, show that they have never felt tired due to Burnout syndrome and that, unlike 75.4%, they feel that they work positively for the people. Regarding sleep quality, 57.4% consider they have poor sleep quality and 8.2% are emotionally exhausted. Conclusion: The research revealed a mixed picture of workplace well-being. While resistance to Burnout syndrome and positive attitudes towards work were observed, significant problems in sleep quality and, to a lesser extent, emotional exhaustion were detected. These findings establish the need to implement comprehensive strategies that address both sleep quality and general work well-being, with emphasis on the prevention of musculoskeletal problems, especially in employees in operational positions. A timely intervention based on these results could significantly improve the quality of life of workers, prevent burnout, optimize sleep patterns, reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and, consequently, increase productivity and organizational commitment.
Objective: Determine the characteristics of Burnout, sleep levels and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was carried out. For data collection, an authorization letter was obtained through the Simón Bolívar University to request access to the company and begin the research. This document was sent to the company's management, which granted approval to carry out the proposed study. With this authorization, the research process began at the company's facilities, complying with all the protocols and requirements established by both the university and the participating organization. Three validated instruments were used: the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure work stress, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality; and the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire to identify musculoskeletal symptoms. The research was carried out in the commercial sector of the public market of the municipality of Pivijay, Magdalena, and with workers from the child development center located in the city of Barranquilla. Prior to the start of the study, informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were duly informed about the objectives, potential risks, benefits and their right to withdraw at any time. The confidentiality of the participants' data was guaranteed throughout the process. Data collection was carried out using two main methods: Self-reports: Participants completed questionnaires and a digital survey on sociodemographic variables and work factors. Personal interviews: These were conducted to obtain more detailed information about the participants' experiences. A schedule was established for completing the questionnaires and guidance was provided to participants on how to enter the information. For data processing and analysis, the statistical program SPSS version 25 was used (under license from the Simón Bolívar University). The analysis included descriptive statistics to determine frequencies and percentages, as well as inferential statistics, using Pearson's chisquare test to examine possible relationships between variables. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Results: 37% of the sample under investigation, made up of 61 workers in the public and tertiary economic sector, show that they have never felt tired due to Burnout syndrome and that, unlike 75.4%, they feel that they work positively for the people. Regarding sleep quality, 57.4% consider they have poor sleep quality and 8.2% are emotionally exhausted. Conclusion: The research revealed a mixed picture of workplace well-being. While resistance to Burnout syndrome and positive attitudes towards work were observed, significant problems in sleep quality and, to a lesser extent, emotional exhaustion were detected. These findings establish the need to implement comprehensive strategies that address both sleep quality and general work well-being, with emphasis on the prevention of musculoskeletal problems, especially in employees in operational positions. A timely intervention based on these results could significantly improve the quality of life of workers, prevent burnout, optimize sleep patterns, reduce musculoskeletal symptoms and, consequently, increase productivity and organizational commitment.
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Palabras clave
Estrés laboral, Trastornos de sueño, Salud laboral, Trabajadores
