Trabajadores, protestas sociales y modernización en Cartagena Colombia (1930-1950)
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2024
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente tesis doctoral centra su tema de investigación en analizar a los
trabajadores y el impacto de los procesos de modernización que se dieron en la ciudad de
Cartagena entre 1930-1950, englobados en el contexto colombiano, caribeño y
latinoamericano, que atravesaban los vientos modernizadores. Partiendo de la metodología
de la investigación histórica, utilizando fuentes primarias como prensa comercial (Diario de
la Costa, EL fígaro, El Mercurio, El universal) y prensa partidista (Tierra, El Bolchevique,
Diario Popular), además el primer censo sindical (1937) realizado en el país y los informes
políticos de los embajadores de México en Colombia. A su vez se hace uso de los marcos
explicativos de la historia social inglesa, la tradición de los estudios caribeños anglófonos y
la historia social colombiana para obtener una comprensión a cabalidad.
La hipótesis que se demuestra a lo largo de estas páginas es: El mundo del trabajo en la
ciudad de Cartagena estuvo marcado por las reformas modernizadoras de los gobiernos
liberales y puso en la agenda pública la cuestión social. Aunque las medidas
modernizadoras optaron por el control social, esto llevaría a una profundización del proceso
de proletarización, especialmente entre los trabajadores portuarios y ferrocarrileros. Los
trabajadores también ganaron una dignificación, prestancia y reconocimiento social a través
de las exigencias y aplicación de la legislación laboral, “la nueva naturaleza humana”
significó un aumento en su número, lo que se logró a través de la Ley N° 72 de 1931, que
reconoció el derecho de los trabajadores a la libertad de asociación y permitir para
representar la lucha colectiva. La Ley N° 1827 de 1930 y la Ley N° 895 de 1934
confirmaron el derecho de los trabajadores a ocho horas de trabajo. Finalmente, a través de
la cultura obrera lograrían ejercer el control de la mano de obra, lo que les permitiría ejercer
una capacidad de autonomía, negociación y decisión frente a los empresarios y el Estado.
This doctoral thesis focuses its research topic on analyzing the workers and the impact of the modernization processes that occurred in the city of Cartagena between 1930-1950, encompassed in the Colombian, Caribbean and Latin American context, which the modernizing winds were passing through. Starting from the methodology of historical research, using primary sources such as commercial press (Diario de la Costa, EL figaro, El Mercurio, El universal) and partisan press (Tierra, El Bolshevik, Diario Popular), as well as the first union census (1937 ) carried out in the country and the political reports of the Mexican ambassadors in Colombia. At the same time, use is made of the explanatory frameworks of English social history, the tradition of Anglophone Caribbean studies and Colombian social history to obtain a complete understanding. The hypothesis demonstrated in these pages is: The world of work in the city of Cartagena was marked by the modernizing reforms of the liberal governments and put the social question on the public agenda. Although modernization measures opted for social control, this would lead to a deepening of the process of proletarianization, especially among port workers and railwaymen. The workers also gained a dignification, benefit and social recognition through the demands and application of labor law, "the new human nature" meant an increase in their number, which was achieved through Law N° 72 of 1931, which recognized the right of workers to freedom of association and allow to represent the collective struggle. Law N° 1827 of 1930 and Law N° 895 of 1934 confirmed the right of workers to eight hours of work. Finally, through the workers' culture they would be able to exercise control over the workforce, which would allow them to exercise an autonomy, negotiation and decision-making capacity vis-à-vis employers and the State.
This doctoral thesis focuses its research topic on analyzing the workers and the impact of the modernization processes that occurred in the city of Cartagena between 1930-1950, encompassed in the Colombian, Caribbean and Latin American context, which the modernizing winds were passing through. Starting from the methodology of historical research, using primary sources such as commercial press (Diario de la Costa, EL figaro, El Mercurio, El universal) and partisan press (Tierra, El Bolshevik, Diario Popular), as well as the first union census (1937 ) carried out in the country and the political reports of the Mexican ambassadors in Colombia. At the same time, use is made of the explanatory frameworks of English social history, the tradition of Anglophone Caribbean studies and Colombian social history to obtain a complete understanding. The hypothesis demonstrated in these pages is: The world of work in the city of Cartagena was marked by the modernizing reforms of the liberal governments and put the social question on the public agenda. Although modernization measures opted for social control, this would lead to a deepening of the process of proletarianization, especially among port workers and railwaymen. The workers also gained a dignification, benefit and social recognition through the demands and application of labor law, "the new human nature" meant an increase in their number, which was achieved through Law N° 72 of 1931, which recognized the right of workers to freedom of association and allow to represent the collective struggle. Law N° 1827 of 1930 and Law N° 895 of 1934 confirmed the right of workers to eight hours of work. Finally, through the workers' culture they would be able to exercise control over the workforce, which would allow them to exercise an autonomy, negotiation and decision-making capacity vis-à-vis employers and the State.
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Palabras clave
Trabajadores, Protestas, Modernización, Sindicalismo, Workers, Protests, Modernization, Trade unionism