Derechos humanos y enfoques socio jurídico a los casos de mujeres víctimas de violencia en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Salazar Ruiz, Betsy
Barraza Martínez, Jailen
Hernández Manotas, María José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: La violencia contra las mujeres constituye un problema estructural de derechos humanos que afecta diversas dimensiones de la vida social, jurídica y comunitaria. En Colombia, a pesar de los avances normativos consagrados en la Ley 1257 de 2008, la Ley 1719 de 2014 y la Ley 2126 de 2021, persisten brechas en la atención, protección y reparación integral de las víctimas (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022). Diversos estudios sociojurídicos evidencian que las respuestas institucionales permanecen influenciadas por patrones patriarcales, prácticas revictimizantes y dificultades en la implementación de las rutas de atención (ONU Mujeres, 2023). Investigaciones realizadas en Bogotá, Medellín y Cartagena muestran que factores como la capacitación de operadores judiciales, el acceso a la justicia y el apoyo psicosocial determinan la efectividad del sistema de protección (Fiscalía General de la Nación, 2023). Barranquilla enfrenta una problemática similar caracterizada por demoras procesales, subregistro, aumento de denuncias y persistencia de imaginarios que responsabilizan a la víctima, dificultando así la garantía de no repetición y el enfoque de derechos humanos (Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia, 2024).
Introducción: Este estudio analiza el enfoque sociojurídico de los casos de mujeres víctimas de violencia en Barranquilla, comprendiendo que este fenómeno trasciende lo individual y se relaciona con factores históricos, culturales, económicos y legales. La violencia basada en género se configura como un fenómeno multidimensional donde interactúan desigualdades estructurales, dinámicas sociales y fallas
institucionales (Lagarde, 2018; Segato, 2016). La investigación se orienta a comprender cómo las normativas nacionales e internacionales se aplican en contextos locales y qué obstáculos limitan la garantía plena de derechos. A partir de una revisión documental, se identifica la articulación institucional, los avances, las falencias y los desafíos del sistema de protección en Barranquilla (ONU Mujeres, 2023).
Objetivos: Objetivo general: Analizar la protección de los derechos humanos y el acompañamiento sociojurídico a mujeres víctimas de violencia en Barranquilla.
-Objetivos específicos:
-Interpretar el marco normativo y las políticas públicas implementadas en Barranquilla en torno a la defensa de los derechos humanos de las mujeres.
-Identificar las estrategias y acciones estatales de prevención e intervención frente a la violencia contra la mujer.
-Diferenciar estrategias y acciones que permitan mejorar la articulación interinstitucional, garantizar el acceso efectivo a la justicia y fortalecer la prevención y atención de la violencia contra las mujeres.
Método: La investigación utilizó un enfoque cualitativo basado en la revisión y análisis de 25 fuentes académicas, jurídicas y estadísticas publicadas entre 2010 y 2024, obtenidas de bases como Scielo, RedALyC, E-Libro, ScienceDirect, Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia y documentos oficiales de la Fiscalía, ICBF y la Alcaldía de Barranquilla. El proceso metodológico incluyó búsqueda sistemática, selección de corpus, análisis categorial y codificación temática. Se
establecieron cuatro categorías centrales: enfoque de derechos humanos, barreras socioinstitucionales, rutas de acceso a la justicia y condicionantes psicosociales.
Resultados: Aunque Barranquilla cuenta con políticas públicas y rutas de atención, se identifican fallas estructurales que limitan la protección efectiva de las mujeres. En la categoría enfoque de derechos humanos, se evidencian dificultades en la comprensión de la violencia como violación a derechos fundamentales, a pesar del marco normativo vigente. En las barreras socioinstitucionales, se observaron fallas de articulación, demoras procesales y prácticas revictimizantes. En las rutas de acceso a la justicia, aunque existen comisarías de familia, líneas de atención y casas refugio, la cobertura resulta insuficiente. Finalmente, los condicionantes psicosociales revelan presiones familiares, miedo a denunciar, dependencia económica y estigmatización, factores que perpetúan el ciclo de violencia (Alcaldía de Barranquilla, 2023).
Discusión: Los hallazgos coinciden con Lagarde (2018), quien indica que la violencia de género es una expresión del orden patriarcal que requiere transformaciones estructurales. Asimismo, Fraser (2019) sostiene que la justicia debe comprenderse de forma redistributiva y reconociendo las desigualdades sociales que afectan de manera diferenciada a las mujeres. Segato (2016) afirma que la violencia opera como un mensaje social que reafirma jerarquías de poder. A nivel institucional, informes recientes muestran que la falta de articulación entre entidades limita la efectividad de las medidas de protección (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022; ONU Mujeres, 2023).
Conclusión: La violencia contra las mujeres en Barranquilla continúa siendo un fenómeno complejo que exige un enfoque sociojurídico integral sustentado en los derechos humanos. Persisten brechas en la atención, revictimización, debilidad institucional y estigmas sociales que obstaculizan el acceso a la justicia. Se recomienda fortalecer la formación en enfoque de género para operadores judiciales, ampliar la cobertura de servicios, promover acciones preventivas desde la educación y garantizar acompañamiento interdisciplinario a las víctimas.
Background: Violence against women constitutes a structural human rights problem that affects various dimensions of social, legal, and community life. In Colombia, despite normative advances established in Law 1257 of 2008, Law 1719 of 2014, and Law 2126 of 2021, gaps persist in the assistance, protection, and comprehensive reparation of victims (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022). Various socio- legal studies show that institutional responses remain influenced by patriarchal patterns, revictimizing practices, and difficulties in implementing assistance pathways (UN Women, 2023). Research conducted in Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena demonstrates that factors such as training of judicial operators, access to justice, and psychosocial support determine the effectiveness of the protection system (Fiscalía General de la Nación, 2023). Barranquilla faces a similar situation characterized by procedural delays, underreporting, an increase in complaints, and the persistence of beliefs that blame the victim, hindering the guarantee of non- repetition and the human rights approach (Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia, 2024). Introduction: This study analyzes the socio-legal approach to cases of women victims of violence in Barranquilla, understanding that this phenomenon transcends the individual sphere and is linked to historical, cultural, economic, and legal factors. Gender-based violence is configured as a multidimensional phenomenon in which structural inequalities, social dynamics, and institutional shortcomings interact (Lagarde, 2018; Segato, 2016). The research aims to understand how national and international regulations are applied in local contexts and what obstacles limit the full guarantee of rights. Based on a documentary review, institutional articulation, progress, shortcomings, and challenges of the protection system in Barranquilla are identified (UN Women, 2023). Objectives: General objective: To analyze the protection of human rights and the socio-legal support provided to women victims of violence in Barranquilla. Specific objectives: -To interpret the regulatory framework and public policies implemented in Barranquilla regarding the defense of women’s human rights. -To identify state strategies and actions for prevention and intervention in cases of violence against women. -To differentiate strategies and actions that improve inter-institutional coordination, ensure effective access to justice, and strengthen prevention and assistance mechanisms for women victims of violence. Method: The research employed a qualitative approach based on the review and analysis of 25 academic, legal, and statistical sources published between 2010 and 2024, obtained from databases such as Scielo, RedALyC, E-Libro, ScienceDirect, the Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia, and official documents from the Fiscalía, ICBF, and the Mayor’s Office of Barranquilla. The methodological process included systematic search, corpus selection, categorical analysis, and thematic coding. Four central categories were established: human rights approach, socio- institutional barriers, access-to-justice pathways, and psychosocial determinants. Results: Although Barranquilla has public policies and assistance pathways, structural shortcomings were identified that limit the effective protection of women. In the human rights approach category, difficulties persist in understanding violence as a violation of fundamental rights, despite the current regulatory framework. In socio-institutional barriers, coordination failures, procedural delays, and revictimizing practices were observed. In access-to-justice pathways, although there are family police stations, hotlines, and shelters, coverage remains insufficient. Finally, psychosocial determinants reveal family pressures, fear of reporting, economic dependence, and stigmatization—factors that perpetuate the cycle of violence (Alcaldía de Barranquilla, 2023). Discussion: The findings align with Lagarde (2018), who indicates that gender- based violence is an expression of the patriarchal order that requires structural transformations. Likewise, Fraser (2019) argues that justice must be understood in a redistributive manner, recognizing social inequalities that differentially affect women. Segato (2016) affirms that violence operates as a social message that reinforces power hierarchies. At the institutional level, recent reports show that the lack of coordination among entities limits the effectiveness of protection measures (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022; UN Women, 2023). Conclusion: Violence against women in Barranquilla continues to be a complex phenomenon that demands a comprehensive socio-legal approach grounded in human rights. Gaps in assistance, revictimization, institutional weakness, and social stigma persist, hindering women’s access to justice. It is recommended to strengthen gender-perspective training for judicial operators, expand service coverage, promote preventive actions through education, and guarantee interdisciplinary support for victims.
Background: Violence against women constitutes a structural human rights problem that affects various dimensions of social, legal, and community life. In Colombia, despite normative advances established in Law 1257 of 2008, Law 1719 of 2014, and Law 2126 of 2021, gaps persist in the assistance, protection, and comprehensive reparation of victims (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022). Various socio- legal studies show that institutional responses remain influenced by patriarchal patterns, revictimizing practices, and difficulties in implementing assistance pathways (UN Women, 2023). Research conducted in Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena demonstrates that factors such as training of judicial operators, access to justice, and psychosocial support determine the effectiveness of the protection system (Fiscalía General de la Nación, 2023). Barranquilla faces a similar situation characterized by procedural delays, underreporting, an increase in complaints, and the persistence of beliefs that blame the victim, hindering the guarantee of non- repetition and the human rights approach (Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia, 2024). Introduction: This study analyzes the socio-legal approach to cases of women victims of violence in Barranquilla, understanding that this phenomenon transcends the individual sphere and is linked to historical, cultural, economic, and legal factors. Gender-based violence is configured as a multidimensional phenomenon in which structural inequalities, social dynamics, and institutional shortcomings interact (Lagarde, 2018; Segato, 2016). The research aims to understand how national and international regulations are applied in local contexts and what obstacles limit the full guarantee of rights. Based on a documentary review, institutional articulation, progress, shortcomings, and challenges of the protection system in Barranquilla are identified (UN Women, 2023). Objectives: General objective: To analyze the protection of human rights and the socio-legal support provided to women victims of violence in Barranquilla. Specific objectives: -To interpret the regulatory framework and public policies implemented in Barranquilla regarding the defense of women’s human rights. -To identify state strategies and actions for prevention and intervention in cases of violence against women. -To differentiate strategies and actions that improve inter-institutional coordination, ensure effective access to justice, and strengthen prevention and assistance mechanisms for women victims of violence. Method: The research employed a qualitative approach based on the review and analysis of 25 academic, legal, and statistical sources published between 2010 and 2024, obtained from databases such as Scielo, RedALyC, E-Libro, ScienceDirect, the Observatorio de Feminicidios de Colombia, and official documents from the Fiscalía, ICBF, and the Mayor’s Office of Barranquilla. The methodological process included systematic search, corpus selection, categorical analysis, and thematic coding. Four central categories were established: human rights approach, socio- institutional barriers, access-to-justice pathways, and psychosocial determinants. Results: Although Barranquilla has public policies and assistance pathways, structural shortcomings were identified that limit the effective protection of women. In the human rights approach category, difficulties persist in understanding violence as a violation of fundamental rights, despite the current regulatory framework. In socio-institutional barriers, coordination failures, procedural delays, and revictimizing practices were observed. In access-to-justice pathways, although there are family police stations, hotlines, and shelters, coverage remains insufficient. Finally, psychosocial determinants reveal family pressures, fear of reporting, economic dependence, and stigmatization—factors that perpetuate the cycle of violence (Alcaldía de Barranquilla, 2023). Discussion: The findings align with Lagarde (2018), who indicates that gender- based violence is an expression of the patriarchal order that requires structural transformations. Likewise, Fraser (2019) argues that justice must be understood in a redistributive manner, recognizing social inequalities that differentially affect women. Segato (2016) affirms that violence operates as a social message that reinforces power hierarchies. At the institutional level, recent reports show that the lack of coordination among entities limits the effectiveness of protection measures (Defensoría del Pueblo, 2022; UN Women, 2023). Conclusion: Violence against women in Barranquilla continues to be a complex phenomenon that demands a comprehensive socio-legal approach grounded in human rights. Gaps in assistance, revictimization, institutional weakness, and social stigma persist, hindering women’s access to justice. It is recommended to strengthen gender-perspective training for judicial operators, expand service coverage, promote preventive actions through education, and guarantee interdisciplinary support for victims.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Comisaría de familia, Empoderamiento femenino, Equidad de género, Feminicidio, Justicia de género, Políticas públicas