Prevalencia de insuficiencia cardiaca crónica de etiología no isquémica en pacientes hospitalizados en una clínica de cuarto nivel, de la ciudad de Barranquilla en el periodo 2020-2021
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Gonzalez Mendoza, Walter
Gelpud Rivera, Elizabeth Alejandra
Perugache Rosero, Christian Danilo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La insuficiencia cardíaca es un síndrome clínico que se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas cardinales tales como la disnea, fatiga e inflamación de los tobillos, acompañados de signos como presión venosa yugular elevada, crepitaciones pulmonares y edema periférico. Se debe agregar que ciertas variables inciden en la prevalencia de insuficiencia cardiaca como el sexo, edad, comorbilidades y fármacos.
Es importante saber que la etiología de la insuficiencia cardiaca ha tenido variaciones a través del tiempo cuya causa puede variar entre miocardiopatía isquémica y miocardiopatía no isquémica, siendo esta última heterogénea y la que se presenta en menor proporción a nivel mundial.
Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de insuficiencia cardiaca crónica de etiología no isquémica en pacientes hospitalizados en una clínica de cuarto nivel de la ciudad de Barranquilla en el periodo 2020-2021.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, descriptivo y transversal, se tomaron pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados con diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardiaca crónica no isquémica en los últimos 2 años con fracción de eyección reducida (<40%), sin lesión epicardica significativa. Los datos recolectados se organizaron en una base de Excel y se realizó el análisis de estadística descriptiva y no paramétrica (chi cuadrado), para caracterizar socio-demográficamente a la población, identificar las comorbilidades específicas - generales, la etiología y el tratamiento recibido por el paciente durante su estancia hospitalaria.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of cardinal symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue and inflammation of the ankles, accompanied by signs such as elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles and peripheral edema. It should be added that certain variables affect the prevalence of heart failure such as sex, age, comorbidities, and drugs. It is important to know that the etiology of heart failure has varied over time whose cause can vary between ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, the latter being heterogeneous and the one that occurs in a smaller proportion worldwide. Objective: To identify the prevalence of chronic heart failure of non-ischemic etiology in patients hospitalized in a fourth-level clinic in the city of Barranquilla in the period 2020-2021. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of chronic non-ischemic heart failure in the last 2 years with reduced ejection fraction (<40%), without significant epicardial injury, were taken. The collected data were organized in an Excel database and descriptive and non-parametric statistics (chi square) were performed to socio-demographic characterize the population, identify specific - general comorbidities, etiology and treatment received by the patient during their hospital stay.
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of cardinal symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue and inflammation of the ankles, accompanied by signs such as elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles and peripheral edema. It should be added that certain variables affect the prevalence of heart failure such as sex, age, comorbidities, and drugs. It is important to know that the etiology of heart failure has varied over time whose cause can vary between ischemic cardiomyopathy and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, the latter being heterogeneous and the one that occurs in a smaller proportion worldwide. Objective: To identify the prevalence of chronic heart failure of non-ischemic etiology in patients hospitalized in a fourth-level clinic in the city of Barranquilla in the period 2020-2021. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional cohort study was conducted, patients who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of chronic non-ischemic heart failure in the last 2 years with reduced ejection fraction (<40%), without significant epicardial injury, were taken. The collected data were organized in an Excel database and descriptive and non-parametric statistics (chi square) were performed to socio-demographic characterize the population, identify specific - general comorbidities, etiology and treatment received by the patient during their hospital stay.
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Palabras clave
Insuficiencia cardiaca crónica, Fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda reducida, Miocardiopatías, Chronic heart failure, Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, Cardiomyopathies
