Actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en niños, niñas y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista en una institución de salud de Barranquilla
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Guerra Herrera, Mileidis del Carmen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de actividad física y comportamiento sedentario en niños, niñas y adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista en una institución de salud de Barranquilla.
Materiales y Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa y diseño observacional, analítico y de corte transversal en 223 personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista entre los 3 a 17 años seleccionados por muestreo aleatorizado. La recolección de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario diligenciado por los padres de familia. Se indagó sobre características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas; se aplicó el Cuestionario de actividad física del FITNESSGRAM, los comportamientos sedentarios mediante el SBQ-s y las barreras percibidas para la actividad física.
Resultados: El 74% de la población no cumple con las recomendaciones de actividad física, solo el 16,1% practica deporte; la media de actividad aeróbica fue de 115,8±110,6 minutos/semanales, con 11,6±27,9 minutos de ejercicios de flexibilidad y 13±30,5 minutos de fuerza. Las conductas sedentarias en un 43,9%, de comportamiento sedentario entre semana (>2 horas en 5-17 años y >1 hora en 3-4 años) y un 98,7% (n=220) los fines de semana. El grado de TEA [OR=12.17 (IC95%: 5,55-26,64), p=0,00] y la práctica deportiva [OR=22,5 (IC95%: 9,03-56,38),
p=0,00] fueron predictores de actividad física.
Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de inactividad física y conductas sedentarias en niños y adolescentes con TEA en Barranquilla, influyendo negativamente en su bienestar. Las principales barreras identificadas fueron sociales y familiares. La gravedad del TEA y la participación deportiva son factores predictivos del cumplimiento de actividad física. Se recomienda desarrollar estrategias de concientización, detección temprana e intervenciones adaptadas y colaborativas para mejorar la calidad de vida de esta población.
Objective: To evaluate the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a healthcare institution in the city of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study involving 223 individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder aged between 3 and 17 years, selected through randomized sampling. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire completed by the parents. Information was gathered on sociodemographic, family, and clinical characteristics. The FITNESSGRAM Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied, as well as the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire for Children (SBQ-s), and perceived barriers to physical activity were also assessed. Results: A total of 74% of the participants did not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, and only 16.1% engaged in sports. The average weekly duration of aerobic activity was 115.8 ± 110.6 minutes, with 11.6 ± 27.9 minutes of flexibility exercises and 13 ± 30.5 minutes of strength exercises. Sedentary behaviors were observed in 43.9% of the sample during weekdays (defined as >2 hours per day for ages 5–17 and >1 hour for ages 3–4), and 98.7% (n=220) on weekends. The severity of ASD [OR = 12.17 (95% CI: 5.55–26.64), p = 0.00] and participation in sports activities [OR = 22.5 (95% CI: 9.03–56.38), p = 0.00] were significant predictors of physical activity engagement. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents with ASD in Barranquilla, which negatively impacts their well-being. The main barriers identified were social and family-related. ASD severity and involvement in sports were predictive factors of adherence to physical activity. It is recommended to develop awareness strategies, promote early detection, and implement adapted and collaborative interventions to improve the quality of life of this population.
Objective: To evaluate the levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a healthcare institution in the city of Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study involving 223 individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder aged between 3 and 17 years, selected through randomized sampling. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire completed by the parents. Information was gathered on sociodemographic, family, and clinical characteristics. The FITNESSGRAM Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied, as well as the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire for Children (SBQ-s), and perceived barriers to physical activity were also assessed. Results: A total of 74% of the participants did not meet the recommended levels of physical activity, and only 16.1% engaged in sports. The average weekly duration of aerobic activity was 115.8 ± 110.6 minutes, with 11.6 ± 27.9 minutes of flexibility exercises and 13 ± 30.5 minutes of strength exercises. Sedentary behaviors were observed in 43.9% of the sample during weekdays (defined as >2 hours per day for ages 5–17 and >1 hour for ages 3–4), and 98.7% (n=220) on weekends. The severity of ASD [OR = 12.17 (95% CI: 5.55–26.64), p = 0.00] and participation in sports activities [OR = 22.5 (95% CI: 9.03–56.38), p = 0.00] were significant predictors of physical activity engagement. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents with ASD in Barranquilla, which negatively impacts their well-being. The main barriers identified were social and family-related. ASD severity and involvement in sports were predictive factors of adherence to physical activity. It is recommended to develop awareness strategies, promote early detection, and implement adapted and collaborative interventions to improve the quality of life of this population.
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Palabras clave
Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Actividad física, Conducta sedentaria, Niños, Adolescentes
