Cáncer endometrial en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama en manejo con tamoxifeno. Centro Cancerológico del Caribe 2020-2025
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Costa Amador, Ornella Isabel
Díaz Mercado, Sandra Milena
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia y los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de cáncer de endometrio en mujeres con antecedente de cáncer de mama tratadas con tamoxifeno, atendidas en el Centro Cancerológico del Caribe entre 2020 y 2025. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, basado en revisión de historias clínicas y reportes de patología. La muestra no probabilística estuvo conformada por 39 mujeres con cáncer de mama con receptores hormonales positivos, en tratamiento con tamoxifeno por un período entre cinco y diez años.
La edad promedio fue de 61,4 ± 10,6 años, con predominio del grupo etario de 60 a 69 años (33,3%). El 87,2% de las pacientes procedía de Barranquilla y el 53,8% pertenecía al régimen contributivo de salud. Respecto a los hallazgos endometriales, el 38,5% presentó engrosamiento endometrial, el 15,4% hiperplasia y el 46,2% endometrio sin alteraciones significativas. Se documentó un caso de cáncer endometrial (2,6%). El análisis estadístico evidenció que la edad avanzada se asoció significativamente con la presencia de hiperplasia (p = 0,004). Los resultados confirmaron que, aunque infrecuente, el cáncer endometrial asociado al tamoxifeno constituye una complicación real y clínicamente relevante. El riesgo se incrementa en mujeres posmenopáusicas y con exposición prolongada al fármaco.
This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors associated with the development of endometrial cancer in women with a history of breast cancer treated with tamoxifen at the Caribbean Cancer Center between 2020 and 2025. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, based on a review of medical records and pathology reports. The non-probability sample consisted of 39 women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, treated with tamoxifen for a period of five to ten years. The mean age was 61.4 ± 10.6 years, with a predominance of the 60-69 age group (33.3%). 87.2% of the patients were from Barranquilla, and 53.8% were enrolled in the contributory health insurance system. Regarding endometrial findings, 38.5% presented endometrial thickening, 15.4% hyperplasia, and 46.2% endometrium without significant alterations. One case of endometrial cancer was documented (2.6%). Statistical analysis showed that advanced age was significantly associated with the presence of hyperplasia (p = 0.004). The results confirm that, although infrequent, tamoxifen-associated endometrial cancer is a real and clinically relevant complication. The risk increases in postmenopausal women and with prolonged exposure to the drug.
This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors associated with the development of endometrial cancer in women with a history of breast cancer treated with tamoxifen at the Caribbean Cancer Center between 2020 and 2025. An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted, based on a review of medical records and pathology reports. The non-probability sample consisted of 39 women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, treated with tamoxifen for a period of five to ten years. The mean age was 61.4 ± 10.6 years, with a predominance of the 60-69 age group (33.3%). 87.2% of the patients were from Barranquilla, and 53.8% were enrolled in the contributory health insurance system. Regarding endometrial findings, 38.5% presented endometrial thickening, 15.4% hyperplasia, and 46.2% endometrium without significant alterations. One case of endometrial cancer was documented (2.6%). Statistical analysis showed that advanced age was significantly associated with the presence of hyperplasia (p = 0.004). The results confirm that, although infrequent, tamoxifen-associated endometrial cancer is a real and clinically relevant complication. The risk increases in postmenopausal women and with prolonged exposure to the drug.
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Neoplasias de la mama, Tamoxifeno, Neoplasias endometriales, Hiperplasia endometrial, Efectos colaterales