El sistema pensional y la sostenibilidad fiscal en Colombia
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Cárdenas Vargas, Karenth Liliana
González Morales, Luisa Milena
Márquez Goenaga, Kelver Jesús
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El sistema de pensiones en Colombia representa no solo un problema social, sino también
económico, siendo uno de los mayores desafíos para la sostenibilidad fiscal del país. Esto se
debe a que el sistema actual presenta una serie de problemas, incluyendo una baja cobertura,
inequidad social, altos costos y un aumento significativo del gasto público, por lo cual, es de
importancia identificar el impacto que tiene el sistema de pensiones en la sostenibilidad fiscal
del país, y evaluar los aspectos centrales de dicha incidencia. Este estudio, que se apoya en
la literatura científica y la doctrina jurisprudencial colombiana, pretende indagar acerca de la
manera que se puede lograr la sostenibilidad fiscal del país ante un régimen pensional cada
vez más exigente en gasto social, considerando el problema de la cobertura de dicho sistema,
y sin que ello afecte los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos. En ese sentido, se hace
necesario, el analizar los factores sociales y económicos que se relacionan con las pensiones
e inferir sobre cuales son razones de peso para plantear alternativas o propuestas que vayan
direccionadas a modificar y mejorar el sistema pensional en el país. En los hallazgos
obtenidos de la investigación, se identifica, que la variable económica más afectada en la
configuración del régimen pensional en Colombia, es la carga fiscal, debido a que el aumento
del gasto público hacia la población más vulnerable del país, se ha convertido en una
prioridad estatal, el cual, tiene implicaciones importantes en la sostenibilidad fiscal del país.
Otro aspecto que afecta el sistema pensional en Colombia, es la productividad laboral, debido
a que, en el país, se presentan menores niveles de ingresos, dificultándose el nivel de
cotización hacia las pensiones.
The pension system in Colombia represents on the ground a social problem, as well as an economic one, being one of the biggest challenges for the fiscal sustainability of the country. This is because the current system presents a series of problems, including low coverage, social inequity, high costs and a significant increase in public spending, which is why it is important to identify the impact that the pension system has on it. fiscal sustainability of the country, and to evaluate the central aspects of its incidence. This study, which is based on the scientific literature and the Colombian jurisprudential doctrine, intends to investigate the way that the country's fiscal sustainability can be achieved in the face of a pension regime that is increasingly demanding in terms of social spending, considering the problem of coverage of I say system, and without it affecting the fundamental rights of citizens. In this sense, if necessary, analyze the social and economic factors that are related to pensions and infer about which are important reasons to plant alternatives or proposals that are aimed at modifying and improving the pension system in the country. In the hallmarks obtained from the investigation, it is identified that the economic variable most affected in the configuration of the pension regime in Colombia, is the tax burden, due to which the increase in public spending makes the most vulnerable population in the country, has been converted as a state priority, which has important implications for the fiscal sustainability of the country. Another aspect that affects the pension system in Colombia, is labor productivity, due to the fact that, in the country, lower levels of income are present, making the level of contribution to pensions more difficult.
The pension system in Colombia represents on the ground a social problem, as well as an economic one, being one of the biggest challenges for the fiscal sustainability of the country. This is because the current system presents a series of problems, including low coverage, social inequity, high costs and a significant increase in public spending, which is why it is important to identify the impact that the pension system has on it. fiscal sustainability of the country, and to evaluate the central aspects of its incidence. This study, which is based on the scientific literature and the Colombian jurisprudential doctrine, intends to investigate the way that the country's fiscal sustainability can be achieved in the face of a pension regime that is increasingly demanding in terms of social spending, considering the problem of coverage of I say system, and without it affecting the fundamental rights of citizens. In this sense, if necessary, analyze the social and economic factors that are related to pensions and infer about which are important reasons to plant alternatives or proposals that are aimed at modifying and improving the pension system in the country. In the hallmarks obtained from the investigation, it is identified that the economic variable most affected in the configuration of the pension regime in Colombia, is the tax burden, due to which the increase in public spending makes the most vulnerable population in the country, has been converted as a state priority, which has important implications for the fiscal sustainability of the country. Another aspect that affects the pension system in Colombia, is labor productivity, due to the fact that, in the country, lower levels of income are present, making the level of contribution to pensions more difficult.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sistema, Pensiones, Sostenibilidad, Fiscal, System, Pensions, Sustainability, Fiscal, Impact
