Asociación entre la exposición al riesgo biológico y signos y síntomas clínicos en asistentes de laboratorio
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Fecha
2017
Autores
Contreras, Zaida R.
Ramírez, Pastor
Bermúdez, Valmore
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Editor
Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica
Resumen
La presencia de signos y síntomas en el personal que se
encuentra expuesto a riesgo biológico puede pasar desapercibida,
siendo éstos, el preámbulo de aparición de una
infección laboral de tipo superficial y/o sistémica. El artículo
determina la asociación entre signos y síntomas clínicos con
la exposición al riesgo biológico entre asistentes de laboratorios.
El diseño del estudio es de corte transversal. Variables
independientes: características sociodemográficas, infraestructura
de los laboratorios, prácticas y procedimientos en
bioseguridad, documentación y salud e higiene en el trabajo.
Variables dependientes: síntomas de cefalea, faringitis a repetición,
hipersensibilidad respiratoria, infecciones respiratorias
y rash. Participaron 19 asistentes de 24 laboratorios de
la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Ambiente de
una institución educativa universitaria, la mediana (Me) de
edad se encuentra en 36 años con rango intercuartil 30-39,
68.4% mujeres, 73.7% de los asistentes tienen exposición
directa al riesgo biológico. Infraestructura, almacenamiento
de residuos, uso de elementos de protección personal obtuvo
más del 80% de cumplimiento. No se presentó asociación
estadística entre las variables cefalea (p=0.305), faringitis
(p=0.345) infecciones respiratorias (p=0.529), infección de
oído (p=0.372) rash (p=0,259) con la exposición al riesgo
biológico; pero, se determinó que los asistentes expuestos
al riesgo biológico tienen un OR= 3.75 en cefalea y OR=2.7
en faringitis. Se concluye que se hace necesario reforzar en
medidas preventivas en relación con las prácticas y procedimientos
en los laboratorios así como iniciar un Sistema de
Vigilancia Epidemiológica con miras a la prevención de enfermedades
relacionadas con este tipo de riesgo.
Introduction. Mild clinical signs and symptoms in personnel exposed to biological risk may be undetected and would be the beginning of superficial and / or systemic occupational infection. The aim of this study was to determine the association between clinical signs and symptoms with biological risk exposure among laboratory assistants. Material and methods. This cross-sectional trial studied explanatory variables like sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory infrastructure, practices and procedures in biosafety, documentation and health and hygiene at work, and outcome variables like: headache, pharynx, low and high respiratory tract infections and rash. Results. Nineteen participants from 24 laboratories from Agricultural Sciences and the Environment Faculty of Francisco de Paula Santander University, were selected and underwent to clinical record analysis. The median (Me) of age were found in 36 years with interquartile range 30-39, 68.4% women, 73.7% of the assistants have direct exposure to biological risk. Infrastructure, waste storage, use of personal protection elements obtained more than 80% compliance. No statistical association was found between the variables headache (p = 0.305), pharyngitis (p = 0.345) respiratory infections (p = 0.529), ear infection (p = 0.372) rash (p = 0.259) with exposure to biological risk; but, it was determined that the attendants exposed to biological risk have an OR = 3.75 in headache and OR = 2.7 in pharyngitis. Conclusions. It is necessary to reinforce preventive measures in relation to practices and procedures in laboratories as well as to initiate an Epidemiological Surveillance System with a view to the prevention of diseases related to this type of risk.
Introduction. Mild clinical signs and symptoms in personnel exposed to biological risk may be undetected and would be the beginning of superficial and / or systemic occupational infection. The aim of this study was to determine the association between clinical signs and symptoms with biological risk exposure among laboratory assistants. Material and methods. This cross-sectional trial studied explanatory variables like sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory infrastructure, practices and procedures in biosafety, documentation and health and hygiene at work, and outcome variables like: headache, pharynx, low and high respiratory tract infections and rash. Results. Nineteen participants from 24 laboratories from Agricultural Sciences and the Environment Faculty of Francisco de Paula Santander University, were selected and underwent to clinical record analysis. The median (Me) of age were found in 36 years with interquartile range 30-39, 68.4% women, 73.7% of the assistants have direct exposure to biological risk. Infrastructure, waste storage, use of personal protection elements obtained more than 80% compliance. No statistical association was found between the variables headache (p = 0.305), pharyngitis (p = 0.345) respiratory infections (p = 0.529), ear infection (p = 0.372) rash (p = 0.259) with exposure to biological risk; but, it was determined that the attendants exposed to biological risk have an OR = 3.75 in headache and OR = 2.7 in pharyngitis. Conclusions. It is necessary to reinforce preventive measures in relation to practices and procedures in laboratories as well as to initiate an Epidemiological Surveillance System with a view to the prevention of diseases related to this type of risk.
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Palabras clave
Agente biológico, Bioseguridad, Enfermedad ocupacional, Factores de riesgo, Biological agent, Biosecurity, Occupational disease, Risk factors