Normativas para la calidad microbiológica de aguas recreacionales
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2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El agua tiene múltiples usos, entre ellos el uso recreativo, para la cual se necesitan dar cumplimiento a las diferentes normativas existentes que establezcan los parámetros microbiológicos óptimos para ofrecer una buena calidad; sin embargo, en Colombia no se cuenta con una normativa actualizada que dicte las características microbiológicas necesarias para ser apta y usada con fines recreativos. Dentro de los riesgos sanitarios asociados al contacto con aguas recreativas se encuentran los peligros microbiológicos, los cuales pueden ser de dos tipos: los derivados fecales dónde se produce la contaminación por heces provenientes de los bañistas o por animales como aves, roedores, etc. y los derivados no fecales, cuyas fuentes más probables o con una alta tasa de contaminación pueden ser el vómito, mucosidad, piel o saliva en las piscinas o aguas recreativas contaminadas especialmente con patógenos como virus y hongos exponiendo así mismo a los bañistas a contraer infecciones en la piel. Diversos estudios han hecho asociaciones entre los niveles de contaminación de las aguas recreacionales y la aparición de ciertas enfermedades. En estas investigaciones se ha evidenciado el uso de indicadores seleccionados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud-OMS para un uso de las aguas recreativas; siendo estos: los coliformes totales y fecales, estreptococos fecales, entre otros (López et al. 2016).
Water has multiple uses, including recreational use, for which it is necessary to comply with the different existing regulations that establish the optimal microbiological parameters to offer good quality; however, in Colombia there is no updated regulation that dictates the microbiological characteristics necessary to be suitable and used for recreational purposes. Among the health risks associated with contact with recreational waters are microbiological hazards, which can be of two types: fecal derivatives where contamination by feces from bathers or by animals such as birds, rodents, etc. occurs. and non-fecal derivatives, whose most probable sources or with a high contamination rate may be vomit, mucus, skin, or saliva in swimming pools or recreational waters, especially contaminated with pathogens such as viruses and fungi, thus exposing bathers to contracting infections. on the skin. Several studies have made associations between the levels of contamination of recreational waters and the appearance of certain diseases. In these investigations, the use of indicators selected by the World Health Organization-WHO for the use of recreational waters has been evidenced; being these: total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, among others (López et al. 2016).
Water has multiple uses, including recreational use, for which it is necessary to comply with the different existing regulations that establish the optimal microbiological parameters to offer good quality; however, in Colombia there is no updated regulation that dictates the microbiological characteristics necessary to be suitable and used for recreational purposes. Among the health risks associated with contact with recreational waters are microbiological hazards, which can be of two types: fecal derivatives where contamination by feces from bathers or by animals such as birds, rodents, etc. occurs. and non-fecal derivatives, whose most probable sources or with a high contamination rate may be vomit, mucus, skin, or saliva in swimming pools or recreational waters, especially contaminated with pathogens such as viruses and fungi, thus exposing bathers to contracting infections. on the skin. Several studies have made associations between the levels of contamination of recreational waters and the appearance of certain diseases. In these investigations, the use of indicators selected by the World Health Organization-WHO for the use of recreational waters has been evidenced; being these: total and fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, among others (López et al. 2016).
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Indicadores microbiológicos, Normativas, Métodos microbiológicos, Aguas recreativas, Microbiological indicators, Regulations, Microbiological methods, Recreational waters
