Diseño de un programa de intervención psicosocial en la calidad de vida de los pre pensionados de la Universidad de la Guajira
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Mejía Freyle, Valentina Michell
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente proyecto de investigación se plantea con el fin abordar una intervención
para las problemáticas que se presentan con los empleados quienes están próximos
a recibir su pensión. El objetivo principal abarca diseñar un programa de
intervención psicosocial para la calidad de vida de los trabajadores que hacen parte
de la Universidad de la Guajira quienes están próximos a obtener su pensión.
Dicha problemática se refleja ya que, es un hecho que la productividad de los
trabajadores va disminuyendo con el pasar de los años, y la cantidad de pre
pensionados en la Universidad de la Guajira es alta, lo cual evidentemente
obstaculiza el crecimiento de la Institución, por lo cual se vuelve fundamental el
hecho de poder diseñar el presente programa y por medio de la observación, se
logró identificar que los empleados próximos a jubilarse en la Universidad de la
Guajira han evidenciado una ausencia significativa de un plan psicosocial para los
tramites de ejecución pre pensional, el cual se encuentra en constante cambio e
incluyendo varios factores que involucra a la salud, aspectos financieros,
psicosociales y aspectos generales.
Cabe resaltar, que la jubilación es una fase significativa que marca la transición de
la vida laboral activa a una etapa de cambios y abordar un estilo de vida más
tranquilo. Muy a pesar de que esta etapa puede ofrecer oportunidades para el
crecimiento personal y la realización de metas postergadas, también está asociada
con desafíos psicosociales que pueden afectar la calidad de vida de los pre
pensionados.
Por tal motivo, surge el cuestionamiento sobre ¿cómo implementar un programa de
intervención psicosocial en la calidad de vida de los pre pensionados en la
Universidad de La Guajira?
Para realizar la presente investigación, se abordó una metodología mixta, con un
enfoque descriptivo y explicativo. Se escogió este tipo de diseño ya que contará con
datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, con el fin de dar cuenta de la cantidad de apoyo
brindado al personal de prejubilación, teniendo en cuenta su efectividad, lo cual
implica combinar estos dos enfoques en un solo estudio, donde se asume un nivel
superior tanto en el discurso como en su estructura epistemológica. Por otro lado,
también se considera no experimental, ya que este no implica manipulación directa
de variables, donde se supone que se identifica el fenómeno, en este caso un
programa de apoyo a prejubilados.
Se tuvo en cuenta como población para la realización de este, 217 empleados, los
cuales se encuentran entre el área administrativa y el cuerpo docente de la
institución, todos mayores de 53 años de edad, próximos a entrar en el proceso de
jubilación.
Como resultado del arduo estudio y análisis se establecieron las características del
programa de preparación para la jubilación laboral, que se basó en 4 variables
principales; aspectos generales o trámites pensionales, aspectos psicosociales,
aspectos financieros y aspectos de salud.
Finalmente se desarrolló la eficacia de la implementación de un programa de
intervención para los pre pensionados, lo cual permitió a los trabajadores
seleccionados poder desarrollar habilidades psicológicas y actitudinales para
afrontar la vejez, adoptar un estilo de vida saludable para mantener la salud física y
mental, mejorar los paradigmas existentes relacionados con la jubilación y la vejez,
fomentar el uso creativo del tiempo libre y mejorar las relaciones sociales y
habilidades para mantener relaciones familiares y construir nuevas redes de apoyo.
This research project is proposed in order to address an intervention for the problems that arise with employees who are close to receiving their pension. The main objective is to design a psychosocial intervention program for the quality of life of workers who are part of the Universidad de la Guajira and who are close to receiving their pension. This problem is reflected in the fact that the productivity of workers is decreasing with the passing of time. The productivity of workers is decreasing over the years, and the number of prepensioners at the University of Guajira is high, which obviously hinders the growth of the institution, which is why it is essential to design this program and through observation, It was identified that the employees close to retirement at the University of Guajira have evidenced a significant absence of a psychosocial plan for the prepension execution procedures, which is in constant change and includes several factors that involve health, financial, psychosocial and general aspects. It should be noted that retirement is a significant phase that marks the transition from an active working life to a stage of change and a quieter lifestyle. Although this stage can offer opportunities for personal growth and the realization of postponed goals, it is also associated with psychosocial challenges that can affect the quality of life of pre-retirees. For this reason, the question arises as to how to implement a psychosocial intervention program in the quality of life of pre-pensioners at the University of La Guajira. In order to carry out this research, a mixed methodology was used, with a descriptive and explanatory approach. This type of design was chosen since it will have qualitative and quantitative data, in order to account for the amount of support provided to the pre-retirement personnel, taking into account its effectiveness, which implies combining these two approaches in a single study, where a higher level is assumed both in the discourse and in its epistemological structure. On the other hand, it is also considered non-experimental, since it does not involve direct manipulation of variables, where it is assumed that the phenomenon is identified, in this case a support program for early retirees. The population of 217 employees was taken into account for the realization of this program, who are among the administrative area and the teaching staff of the institution, all over 53 years of age, about to enter the retirement process. As a result of the arduous study and analysis, the characteristics of the program of preparation for retirement were established, which was based on 4 main variables; general aspects or pension procedures, psychosocial aspects, financial aspects and health aspects. Finally, the effectiveness of the implementation of an intervention program for prepensioners was developed, which allowed the selected workers to develop psychological and attitudinal skills to face old age, adopt a healthy lifestyle to maintain physical and mental health, improve the existing paradigms related to retirement and old age, encourage the creative use of free time, and improve social relations and skills to maintain family relationships and build new support networks.
This research project is proposed in order to address an intervention for the problems that arise with employees who are close to receiving their pension. The main objective is to design a psychosocial intervention program for the quality of life of workers who are part of the Universidad de la Guajira and who are close to receiving their pension. This problem is reflected in the fact that the productivity of workers is decreasing with the passing of time. The productivity of workers is decreasing over the years, and the number of prepensioners at the University of Guajira is high, which obviously hinders the growth of the institution, which is why it is essential to design this program and through observation, It was identified that the employees close to retirement at the University of Guajira have evidenced a significant absence of a psychosocial plan for the prepension execution procedures, which is in constant change and includes several factors that involve health, financial, psychosocial and general aspects. It should be noted that retirement is a significant phase that marks the transition from an active working life to a stage of change and a quieter lifestyle. Although this stage can offer opportunities for personal growth and the realization of postponed goals, it is also associated with psychosocial challenges that can affect the quality of life of pre-retirees. For this reason, the question arises as to how to implement a psychosocial intervention program in the quality of life of pre-pensioners at the University of La Guajira. In order to carry out this research, a mixed methodology was used, with a descriptive and explanatory approach. This type of design was chosen since it will have qualitative and quantitative data, in order to account for the amount of support provided to the pre-retirement personnel, taking into account its effectiveness, which implies combining these two approaches in a single study, where a higher level is assumed both in the discourse and in its epistemological structure. On the other hand, it is also considered non-experimental, since it does not involve direct manipulation of variables, where it is assumed that the phenomenon is identified, in this case a support program for early retirees. The population of 217 employees was taken into account for the realization of this program, who are among the administrative area and the teaching staff of the institution, all over 53 years of age, about to enter the retirement process. As a result of the arduous study and analysis, the characteristics of the program of preparation for retirement were established, which was based on 4 main variables; general aspects or pension procedures, psychosocial aspects, financial aspects and health aspects. Finally, the effectiveness of the implementation of an intervention program for prepensioners was developed, which allowed the selected workers to develop psychological and attitudinal skills to face old age, adopt a healthy lifestyle to maintain physical and mental health, improve the existing paradigms related to retirement and old age, encourage the creative use of free time, and improve social relations and skills to maintain family relationships and build new support networks.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Jubilación, Calidad de vida, Adultos mayores, Salud, Aspectos financieros, Trámites pensionales
