Factores incidentes en la productividad del sector agroindustrial en el departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
En el mundo, en Colombia y en el departamento del Atlántico, la agroindustria ha tomado un
puesto preponderante, debido a que toma lo producido por la tierra y los animales, para que a través de
diferentes procesos de transformación se entreguen alimentos a la sociedad con valores agregados, que
aportan a suplir la demanda alimenticia, que día a día crece, por el aumento de la población.
Aunado a la importancia del sector agroindustrial, se suma la relevancia de aumentar la
productividad de la empresa, aunque mucho se habla de eso, no se cuenta con una metodología
estandarizada en el sector agroindustrial en el departamento del Atlántico que permita medir los niveles
de productividad e involucre todos los factores que inciden en ella, además no es posible realizar
comparaciones sobre del desempeño en las empresas del sector, lo que constituyo la principal
preocupación de esta tesis doctoral.
Otro de los interrogantes que motivaron a llevar a cabo esta investigación era conocer los
factores de la productividad y su aporte a la productividad, para que de esta forma los empleados que
están en los puestos de toma de decisiones orienten los recursos y sus decisiones al cumplimiento de los
objetivos estratégicos establecidos en torno a la productividad.
Adicionalmente, para completar el estudio de la productividad en el sector agroindustrial en el
departamento del Atlántico, se planteó como objetivo conocer las relaciones y los coeficientes de
correlación entre los factores, partiendo del hecho que un factor puede incidir en otro factor para
aumentar o disminuir la productividad.
Esta investigación logró explicar la incidencia de los factores en la productividad de las empresas
del sector agroindustrial en el departamento del Atlántico, así como señalar los factores y el nivel de
incidencia sobre la productividad. Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo dentro del paradigma positivista, con un alcance explicativo y un diseño transversal
correccional-causal, que fue cumpliendo varias fases. Inicialmente, se estudió la literatura científica
para señalar los autores que habían estudiado la relación de los factores con la productividad,
posteriormente se construyó un instrumento de medición que fue validado por expertos y luego fue
respondido por la persona que tenía a cargo la producción, que, para este caso, la muestra fue de 79
empresas, distribuidas entre pequeña, mediana y grande.
Con los datos entregados por las personas que respondieron las encuestas, se procesaron
empleando para cada objetivo diferentes técnicas y métodos no paramétricos. Como resultado se
encontró que el tamaño de las empresas no influye en la productividad y la antigüedad de la empresa no
tiene incidencia en la productividad. Otro de los hallazgos, es que la productividad no sigue un
comportamiento lineal y no se puede calcular a través del uso de métodos paramétricos sino no
paramétricos.
En esta misma línea los encuestados al describir cada factor, lo consideraron relevante para la
productividad y se ratificó con los cálculos de los coeficientes de los factores y el modelo. Para finalizar,
se logró construir un modelo que incluye todos los factores y se comprobó que los factores de
productividad se relacionan de manera individual e influyen en la productividad de las empresas del
sector agroindustrial del Departamento del Atlántico.
In the world, in Colombia and in the department of Atlántico, agro-industry has taken a preponderant position, because it takes what is produced by the land and animals, so that through different transformation processes, food is delivered to society with added values, which contribute to meet the food demand, which grows day by day, due to the increase in population. In addition to the importance of the agro-industrial sector, the relevance of increasing the productivity of the company is added, although much is said about it, there is no standardized methodology in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico that allows measuring productivity levels. and involves all the factors that affect it, in addition it is not possible to make comparisons about the performance of companies in the sector, which was the main concern of this doctoral thesis. Another of the questions that motivated carrying out this research was to know the productivity factors and their contribution to productivity, so that in this way the employees who are in decision-making positions direct the resources and their decisions to compliance. of the strategic objectives established around productivity. Additionally, to complete the study of productivity in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico, the objective was to know the relationships and correlation coefficients between the factors, based on the fact that one factor can influence another factor to increase or decrease the productivity. This research managed to explain the incidence of factors in the productivity of companies in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico, as well as point out the factors and the level of incidence on productivity. To achieve the proposed objectives, a quantitative approach was used within the positivist paradigm, with an explanatory scope and a correctional-causal cross-sectional design, which was completed in several phases. Initially, the scientific literature was studied to indicate the authors who had studied the relationship of factors with productivity, later a measurement instrument was built that was validated by experts and then answered by the person in charge of production, who in this case, the sample was 79 companies, distributed between small, medium and large. With the data delivered by the people who answered the surveys, they were processed using different techniques and non-parametric methods for each objective. As a result, it was found that the size of the companies does not influence productivity and the age of the company has no impact on productivity. Another of the findings is that productivity does not follow a linear behavior and cannot be calculated through the use of parametric methods but rather non-parametric ones. In this same line, the respondents, when describing each factor, considered it relevant for productivity and it was ratified with the calculations of the coefficients of the factors and the model. Finally, it was possible to build a model that includes all the factors and it was verified that the productivity factors are related individually and influence the productivity of companies in the agro-industrial sector of the Department of Atlántico.
In the world, in Colombia and in the department of Atlántico, agro-industry has taken a preponderant position, because it takes what is produced by the land and animals, so that through different transformation processes, food is delivered to society with added values, which contribute to meet the food demand, which grows day by day, due to the increase in population. In addition to the importance of the agro-industrial sector, the relevance of increasing the productivity of the company is added, although much is said about it, there is no standardized methodology in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico that allows measuring productivity levels. and involves all the factors that affect it, in addition it is not possible to make comparisons about the performance of companies in the sector, which was the main concern of this doctoral thesis. Another of the questions that motivated carrying out this research was to know the productivity factors and their contribution to productivity, so that in this way the employees who are in decision-making positions direct the resources and their decisions to compliance. of the strategic objectives established around productivity. Additionally, to complete the study of productivity in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico, the objective was to know the relationships and correlation coefficients between the factors, based on the fact that one factor can influence another factor to increase or decrease the productivity. This research managed to explain the incidence of factors in the productivity of companies in the agro-industrial sector in the department of Atlántico, as well as point out the factors and the level of incidence on productivity. To achieve the proposed objectives, a quantitative approach was used within the positivist paradigm, with an explanatory scope and a correctional-causal cross-sectional design, which was completed in several phases. Initially, the scientific literature was studied to indicate the authors who had studied the relationship of factors with productivity, later a measurement instrument was built that was validated by experts and then answered by the person in charge of production, who in this case, the sample was 79 companies, distributed between small, medium and large. With the data delivered by the people who answered the surveys, they were processed using different techniques and non-parametric methods for each objective. As a result, it was found that the size of the companies does not influence productivity and the age of the company has no impact on productivity. Another of the findings is that productivity does not follow a linear behavior and cannot be calculated through the use of parametric methods but rather non-parametric ones. In this same line, the respondents, when describing each factor, considered it relevant for productivity and it was ratified with the calculations of the coefficients of the factors and the model. Finally, it was possible to build a model that includes all the factors and it was verified that the productivity factors are related individually and influence the productivity of companies in the agro-industrial sector of the Department of Atlántico.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Productividad, Factores de productividad, Agroindustria, Métodos no paramétricos, Teoría general de sistemas, Productivity, Productivity factors, Agro-industry, Non-parametric methods, General systems theory
