Mutaciones kdr y su asociación con resistencia a piretroides en dos poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Díptera: Culicidae) del departamento de Córdoba-Colombia.
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2024
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el dengue es un problema de salud pública
creciente con más de seis millones de casos reportados y seis mil muertes a nivel mundial
hasta la fecha. El principal vector de estas enfermedades y otras como Chikungunya y Zika
es Ae. aegypti. Estas arbovirosis se han convertido en una emergencia global y al no existir
una vacuna que sea accesible para todas las comunidades, las principales estrategias para su
control se centran en el manejo integrado del vector, las cuales van principalmente orientadas
a la reducción de la población del mosquito; algunas de las acciones se basan en la
eliminación de criaderos como botellas, llantas, albercas, tanques, entre otros depósitos con
agua ubicados al interior o fuera de las viviendas y también se ha determinado el uso de
insecticidas como control químico tales como: organoclorados, carbamatos,
organofosforados y piretroides. Para el control del vector del dengue en el departamento de
Córdoba se han usado los insecticidas principalmente piretroides, lo que ha generado presión
de selección constante y la aparición de poblaciones resistentes, teniendo en cuenta que esta
presión con insecticidas viene dada por el incremento de casos de dengue y por el ingreso de
los arbovirus chikungunya y Zika al país. En el presente estudio con el fin de determinar el
estado de susceptibilidad a piretroides y su asociación con las mutaciones Kdr F1534, V410L
y V1016I en las poblaciones de Ae. aegypti de Cereté y Valencia del departamento de
Córdoba-Colombia, se realizaron bioensayos aplicando la metodología propuesta por la
OMS para lambdacialotrina, deltametrina y permetrina en hembras Ae. aegypti de la
generación F1 de los municipios de Valencia y Cereté; se identificaron las mutaciones
F1534C, V410L y V1016I, se calcularon sus frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas y se determinó
la asociación de estas mutaciones con la resistencia observada a los piretroides evaluados.
De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se encontró que las poblaciones evaluadas se
comportaron resistentes a lambdacialotrina (12% y 14% de mortalidad), deltametrina (19%
y 38% de mortalidad) y permetrina (0% y 8% de mortalidad). Se identificaron las mutaciones
Kdr con frecuencia alélica C1534 de 0,98 para Cereté y de 0,94 para Valencia, L410 las
frecuencias fueron 0,40 para Cereté y para Valencia 0,20 y para I1016 0,43 para Cereté y de
0,20 para Valencia. Así mismo se identificó asociación significativa del alelo mutante I1016
con resistencia a lambdacialotrina y deltametrina. Para el alelo L410 se observó asociación
con resistencia a lambdacialotrina. No se determinó asociación de la mutación F1534C a
ninguno de los tres insecticidas evaluados, porque la mutación se encontró con frecuencias
alélicas entre 0,94 y 0,98. Los resultados obtenidos de este trabajo generarán información
para la vigilancia de la resistencia de poblaciones de Ae. aegypti a insecticidas piretroides,
así como los mecanismos causantes de la resistencia, en todo el departamento de Córdoba,
lo que resultaría útil para el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas para el control vectorial
a nivel nacional y departamental.
According to the World Health Organization, dengue is a growing public health problem with more than six million reported cases and six thousand deaths worldwide to date. The main vector of these diseases and others such as Chikungunya and Zika is Ae. aegypti. These arbovirosis have become a global emergency and since there is no vaccine that is accessible to all communities, the main strategies for their control are focused on integrated vector management, which are mainly aimed at reducing the mosquito population; some of the actions are based on the elimination of breeding sites such as bottles, tires, pools, tanks, among other water-holding containers located inside or outside homes and has also determined the use of insecticides as chemical control such as: organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids. For the control of the dengue vector in the department of Córdoba, insecticides have been used, mainly pyrethroids, which has generated constant selection pressure and the appearance of resistant populations, taking into account that this pressure with insecticides is due to the increase in cases of dengue and the entry of the chikungunya and Zika arboviruses into the country. In the present study, in order to determine the susceptibility status to pyrethroids and their association with Kdr F1534, V410L and V1016I mutations in Ae. aegypti populations of Cereté and Valencia in the department of Córdoba-Colombia, bioassays were performed applying the methodology proposed by the WHO for lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in Ae. aegypti females of F1 generation from the municipalities of Valencia and Cereté; F1534, V410L and V1016I mutations were identified. aegypti females of the F1 generation from the municipalities of Valencia and Cereté; mutations F1534, V410L and V1016I were identified, their allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated and the association of these mutations with the observed resistance to the evaluated pyrethroids was determined. According to the results obtained, it was found that the populations evaluated were resistant to lambdacyhalothrin (12% and 14% mortality), deltamethrin (19% and 38% mortality) and permethrin (0% and 8% mortality). Kdr mutations were identified with allelic frequency C1534 of 0.98 for Cereté and 0.94 for Valencia, L410 frequencies were 0.40 for Cereté and 0.20 for Valencia and for I1016 0.43 for Cereté and 0.20 for Valencia. A significant association of the mutant allele I1016 with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin was also identified. For the 410L allele, an association with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin was observed. No association of the F1534C mutation with any of the three insecticides evaluated was determined, because the mutation was found with allelic frequencies between 0.94 and 0.98. The results obtained from this work will generate information for monitoring the resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides, as well as the mechanisms causing resistance, throughout the department of Córdoba, which would be useful for strengthening public policies for vector control at the national and departmental levels.
According to the World Health Organization, dengue is a growing public health problem with more than six million reported cases and six thousand deaths worldwide to date. The main vector of these diseases and others such as Chikungunya and Zika is Ae. aegypti. These arbovirosis have become a global emergency and since there is no vaccine that is accessible to all communities, the main strategies for their control are focused on integrated vector management, which are mainly aimed at reducing the mosquito population; some of the actions are based on the elimination of breeding sites such as bottles, tires, pools, tanks, among other water-holding containers located inside or outside homes and has also determined the use of insecticides as chemical control such as: organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids. For the control of the dengue vector in the department of Córdoba, insecticides have been used, mainly pyrethroids, which has generated constant selection pressure and the appearance of resistant populations, taking into account that this pressure with insecticides is due to the increase in cases of dengue and the entry of the chikungunya and Zika arboviruses into the country. In the present study, in order to determine the susceptibility status to pyrethroids and their association with Kdr F1534, V410L and V1016I mutations in Ae. aegypti populations of Cereté and Valencia in the department of Córdoba-Colombia, bioassays were performed applying the methodology proposed by the WHO for lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in Ae. aegypti females of F1 generation from the municipalities of Valencia and Cereté; F1534, V410L and V1016I mutations were identified. aegypti females of the F1 generation from the municipalities of Valencia and Cereté; mutations F1534, V410L and V1016I were identified, their allelic and genotypic frequencies were calculated and the association of these mutations with the observed resistance to the evaluated pyrethroids was determined. According to the results obtained, it was found that the populations evaluated were resistant to lambdacyhalothrin (12% and 14% mortality), deltamethrin (19% and 38% mortality) and permethrin (0% and 8% mortality). Kdr mutations were identified with allelic frequency C1534 of 0.98 for Cereté and 0.94 for Valencia, L410 frequencies were 0.40 for Cereté and 0.20 for Valencia and for I1016 0.43 for Cereté and 0.20 for Valencia. A significant association of the mutant allele I1016 with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin and deltamethrin was also identified. For the 410L allele, an association with resistance to lambdacyhalothrin was observed. No association of the F1534C mutation with any of the three insecticides evaluated was determined, because the mutation was found with allelic frequencies between 0.94 and 0.98. The results obtained from this work will generate information for monitoring the resistance of Ae. aegypti populations to pyrethroid insecticides, as well as the mechanisms causing resistance, throughout the department of Córdoba, which would be useful for strengthening public policies for vector control at the national and departmental levels.
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Palabras clave
Aedes aegypti, Resistencia a insecticidas, Mutaciones Kdr, Piretroides
