Efectos de la simbiosis entre manglares (rhizophora mangle) y corales: resiliencia del nuevo ecosistema marino costero. Revisión de literatura.
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Coello Peñate, Camila Andrea
Herrera de la Hoz, Luz Milagros
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
La relación entre los arrecifes de coral y los manglares es un tema de interés creciente en la ecología marina debido a su importancia en la conservación de los ecosistemas costeros. Estos dos tipos de ecosistemas están estrechamente relacionados, ya que los manglares proporcionan nutrientes y protección para los corales, y los corales a su vez ayudan a estabilizar la costa y a mantener la salud del ecosistema.
El ecosistema manglar-coral es un entorno marino altamente diverso y productivo que se desarrolla en áreas donde los manglares y los arrecifes de coral se superponen o están en estrecha proximidad. Esta unión crea una interfaz única entre estos dos ecosistemas, en la que sus características y funciones se complementan y benefician mutuamente.
En el límite continental y marino llama la atención el hecho de encontrar un grupo de árboles que soportan la inundación por las mareas y la desembocadura de los ríos, este arbolado se conoce comúnmente como manglar, un ecosistema que gracias a sus múltiples adaptaciones ha logrado colonizar la línea costera e insular, logrando de esta manera despojarle espacio al imponente mar. Mangle comúnmente se les denomina a las especies de plantas, generalmente árboles, que crecen bajo dichas condiciones. Las zonas costeras son un sistema muy dinámico por ello el manglar está sujeto a una serie de variables que se encuentran en interacción constantemente como las corrientes marinas, las mareas, los vientos, la precipitación, el caudal y la sedimentación de los ríos, entre otros.
El arrecife de coral es quizás el que mayor interés despierta entre el común de las gentes, tanto por lo atractivo del paisaje costero como por la policromía y variedad de la fauna y flora. Desde el punto de vista de su importancia ecológica, el arrecife coralino es un valiosísimo reservorio de biodiversidad, que da soporte a una intrincada cadena alimenticia, es en muchos casos un rompeolas natural que protege de la erosión las costas adyacentes y juega un papel indirecto, pero
significativo, en la fijación de gas carbónico de la atmósfera mediante la construcción de andamiajes de carbonato de calcio.
Los manglares funcionan como filtros naturales al atrapar sedimentos y contaminantes que de otra manera llegarían a los arrecifes de coral. Esta capacidad de filtración ayuda a mantener la calidad del agua en las áreas cercanas a los arrecifes, creando condiciones más adecuadas para el crecimiento de los corales y la supervivencia de los organismos marinos.
Como resultado, la presencia de Rhizophora mangle en entornos costeros degradados puede promover un crecimiento ecosistémico simbiótico entre los corales y los manglares, con un enfoque en la remoción de nutrientes, lo que resultará en un aumento significativo en el crecimiento de los corales en hábitats de manglar. Sin embargo, es crucial destacar que esta relación beneficiosa entre los manglares y los arrecifes de coral pueden verse amenazada por factores ambientales como la contaminación, la sobrepesca y el cambio climático. La degradación de los manglares puede llevar a la pérdida de protección y nutrientes para los corales, lo que puede tener efectos negativos en la salud y la diversidad de los arrecifes. Por lo tanto, la conservación de ambos ecosistemas y la comprensión de sus interacciones son fundamentales para garantizar la salud a largo plazo de los ecosistemas costeros y la biodiversidad marina.
The relationship between coral reefs and mangroves is a topic of growing interest in marine ecology due to its importance in the conservation of coastal ecosystems. These two types of ecosystems are closely related, as mangroves provide nutrients and protection for corals, and corals in turn help stabilize the coast and maintain the health of the ecosystem. The mangrove-coral ecosystem is a highly diverse and productive marine environment that develops in areas where mangroves and coral reefs overlap or are in close proximity. This union creates a unique interface between these two ecosystems, in which their characteristics and functions complement and benefit each other. The mangrove-coral ecosystem is a highly diverse and productive marine environment that develops in areas where mangroves and coral reefs overlap or are in close proximity. This union creates a unique interface between these two ecosystems, in which their characteristics and functions complement and benefit each other. At the continental and marine limit, it is striking to find a group of trees that withstand flooding by tides and the mouth of rivers. This forest is commonly known as mangrove, an ecosystem that, thanks to its multiple adaptations, has managed to colonize the coastline and island, thus managing to take away space from the imposing sea. Mangrove is commonly called plant species, generally trees, that grow under these conditions. Coastal zones are a very dynamic system, which is why the mangrove is subject to a series of variables that are constantly interacting, such as ocean currents, tides, winds, precipitation, flow and sedimentation of rivers, among others. The coral reef is perhaps the one that arouses the greatest interest among people, both for the attractiveness of the coastal landscape and for the polychromy and variety of the fauna and flora. From the point of view of its ecological importance, the coral reef is an invaluable reservoir of biodiversity, which supports an intricate food chain, it is in many cases a natural breakwater that protects adjacent coasts from erosion and plays an indirect role, but significant, in the fixation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the construction of calcium carbonate scaffolds. Mangroves function as natural filters by trapping sediments and pollutants that would otherwise reach coral reefs. This filtration capacity helps maintain water quality in areas near reefs, creating more suitable conditions for the growth of corals and the survival of marine organisms. As a result, the presence of Rhizophora mangle in degraded coastal environments may promote symbiotic ecosystem growth between corals and mangroves, with a focus on nutrient removal, which will result in a significant increase in coral growth in mangrove habitats. However, it is crucial to highlight that this beneficial relationship between mangroves and coral reefs may be threatened by environmental factors such as pollution, overfishing and climate change. Mangrove degradation can lead to loss of protection and nutrients for corals, which can have negative effects on reef health and diversity. Therefore, the conservation of both ecosystems and understanding their interactions are essential to ensure the long-term health of coastal ecosystems and marine biodiversity.
The relationship between coral reefs and mangroves is a topic of growing interest in marine ecology due to its importance in the conservation of coastal ecosystems. These two types of ecosystems are closely related, as mangroves provide nutrients and protection for corals, and corals in turn help stabilize the coast and maintain the health of the ecosystem. The mangrove-coral ecosystem is a highly diverse and productive marine environment that develops in areas where mangroves and coral reefs overlap or are in close proximity. This union creates a unique interface between these two ecosystems, in which their characteristics and functions complement and benefit each other. The mangrove-coral ecosystem is a highly diverse and productive marine environment that develops in areas where mangroves and coral reefs overlap or are in close proximity. This union creates a unique interface between these two ecosystems, in which their characteristics and functions complement and benefit each other. At the continental and marine limit, it is striking to find a group of trees that withstand flooding by tides and the mouth of rivers. This forest is commonly known as mangrove, an ecosystem that, thanks to its multiple adaptations, has managed to colonize the coastline and island, thus managing to take away space from the imposing sea. Mangrove is commonly called plant species, generally trees, that grow under these conditions. Coastal zones are a very dynamic system, which is why the mangrove is subject to a series of variables that are constantly interacting, such as ocean currents, tides, winds, precipitation, flow and sedimentation of rivers, among others. The coral reef is perhaps the one that arouses the greatest interest among people, both for the attractiveness of the coastal landscape and for the polychromy and variety of the fauna and flora. From the point of view of its ecological importance, the coral reef is an invaluable reservoir of biodiversity, which supports an intricate food chain, it is in many cases a natural breakwater that protects adjacent coasts from erosion and plays an indirect role, but significant, in the fixation of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the construction of calcium carbonate scaffolds. Mangroves function as natural filters by trapping sediments and pollutants that would otherwise reach coral reefs. This filtration capacity helps maintain water quality in areas near reefs, creating more suitable conditions for the growth of corals and the survival of marine organisms. As a result, the presence of Rhizophora mangle in degraded coastal environments may promote symbiotic ecosystem growth between corals and mangroves, with a focus on nutrient removal, which will result in a significant increase in coral growth in mangrove habitats. However, it is crucial to highlight that this beneficial relationship between mangroves and coral reefs may be threatened by environmental factors such as pollution, overfishing and climate change. Mangrove degradation can lead to loss of protection and nutrients for corals, which can have negative effects on reef health and diversity. Therefore, the conservation of both ecosystems and understanding their interactions are essential to ensure the long-term health of coastal ecosystems and marine biodiversity.
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Palabras clave
Arrecifes de coral, Manglares, Ecosistemas marino-costeros, Resiliencia, Coral reefs, Mangroves, Marine-coastal ecosystems, Resilience
