Riesgos psicosociales laborales en estudiantes nocturnos de octavo semestre de psicología de la Universidad Simón Bolívar de Cúcuta
Cargando...
Fecha
2022
Autores
Sanchez Ortiz, Leidy Johana
Soto Sarmiento, Deiccy Johanna
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Los riesgos psicosociales son el resultado de un entorno laboral demandante, es decir, las condiciones y el ambiente laboral no garantizan a los trabajadores la hicieron de su salud mental y física, a pesar de que en Colombia es una exigencia para todas las empresas o sitios de trabajo contar con la normatividad de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, encargado de hacer control y promoción del bienestar laboral, sin embargo, dichos riesgos psicosociales laborales también pueden ser generados por otros factores tal como interacciones en el trabajo, medio ambiente, satisfacción laboral y condiciones organizativas, las capacidades del trabajador, su cultura, necesidades y situación personal fuera del trabajo. Con la siguiente investigación se busca analizar y visibilizar un problema latente en la gran mayoría de trabajadores, lo cual afecta la funcionalidad de las personas en todos los límites de su vida, además, es una contribución para que los empleadores amplían el campo de acción respecto a la prevención de riesgos psicosociales laborales.
Con relación a lo anterior, se trae a contexto a la población de la presente investigación, quienes son estudiantes que durante toda la carrera universitaria se matriculan en los horarios nocturnos, de la universidad simón bolívar de Cúcuta norte de Santander, donde se busca conocer cómo se manifiestan los riesgos psicosociales laborales en los estudiantes y que tanto afecta en su vida diaria a nivel de trabajo activo y doble presencia, es por ello que el objetivo analizar la relación entre las variable descritas anteriormente; lo cual se desarrolla bajo una metodología con paradigma empírico analítico, con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo correlacional y un corte transversal. Además, la muestra se fundamentó en 20 participantes y un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, a quienes se les aplico el instrumento para evaluar Riesgos Psicosociales laborales cuyos autores son Moncada, Llorens, Navarro & Kristensen (2005), donde Chile se realizó la validez y la Superintendencia de Seguridad Social (SUSESO) analiza las preguntas con mayor relevancia estadística para construir una versión breve, la cual posee 20 preguntas se divide en cinco dimensiones donde se tomaron exigencias psicológicas, trabajo activo y doble presencia, característico por poseer un alfa de Cronbach 0.758.
También se realizó una ficha sociodemográfica que contenía las variables de sexo, estrato socioeconómico, estado civil, número de hijos, cargo y horas laborares, fue fundamental para realizar un análisis del estado de las variable de riesgos psicosociales. Obteniendo resultados estadísticamente significativos, identificando que las exigencias psicológicas de los estudiantes de la jornada nocturna de octavo semestre del programa de psicología, se encontró que existe una sobrecarga mental para las mujeres, los solteros y quienes ejercen sus labores en áreas operativas, pues son quienes tienden a presentar predisposiciones frente a este aspecto. Por otra parte, la descripción de los niveles de trabajo activo corresponde en su mayoría a las mujeres y que, por último, existe la doble presencia en los estudiantes que laboran ya que la doble presencia es una exigencia dentro de sus actividades profesionales y por ende académicas.
Se recomienda a la Universidad Simón Bolívar para que desarrolle mecanismos que permitan afrontar los altos niveles de estrés provocados por las responsabilidades semestrales y aquellas situaciones que ponen en riesgo psicosocial a los estudiantes de la jornada nocturna de la institución, teniendo en cuenta que se enfrentan a exigencias laborales, sugiere ampliar la investigación a estudiantes de otros programas y a la jornada diurna para establecer un comparativo sobre las situaciones.
Psychosocial risks are the result of a demanding working environment, that is to say, the working conditions and the working environment do not guarantee the mental and physical health although in Colombia it is a requirement for all companies or workplaces to have safety and health regulations at work, charged with monitoring and promoting work well-being, however, such psychosocial risks at work may also be generated by other factors such as interactions at work, environment, job satisfaction and organisational conditions, worker capabilities, their culture, needs and personal situation outside of work. The following research seeks to analyze and make visible a latent problem in the vast majority of workers, which affects the functionality of people in all limits of their lives, In addition, it is a contribution to employers' broadening the field of action with regard to the prevention of psychosocial risks at work. In relation to the above, the population of the present research is brought into context, who are students who during the entire university career enroll in the night schedules of the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta north of Santander, where it is sought to know how psychosocial risks are manifested in students and that so much affects in their daily life at the level of active work and double presence, is why the objective analyze the relationship between the variables described above; which is developed under a methodology with an analytical empirical paradigm, with quantitative approach, descriptive design and a cross-sectional. In addition, the sample was based on 20 participants and a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, who were applied the instrument to evaluate Psychosocial Occupational Risks whose authors are Moncada, Llorens, Navarro & Kristensen (2005), where Chile carried out the validity and the Superintendence of Social Security (SUSESO) analyzes the questions with greater statistical relevance to construct a short version, which has 20 questions divided into five dimensions where psychological demands were taken, active work and double presence, characteristic for possessing a Cronbach alpha 0.758. A sociodemographic record was also made that contained the variables of sex, socioeconomic stratum, marital status, number of children, position and working hours, and was fundamental for an analysis of the state of the psychosocial risk variables. Obtaining statistically significant results, identifying that the psychological demands of students of the eighth semester evening psychology program, found that there is a mental overload for women, single people and those who work in operational areas, as they tend to be predisposed to this aspect. On the other hand, the description of the levels of active work corresponds mostly to women and, finally, there is the double presence in students who work since the double presence is a requirement within their professional and therefore academic activities. The Simón Bolívar University is recommended to develop mechanisms to address the high levels of stress caused by semester responsibilities and those situations that put students at psychosocial risk during the night institution, taking into account that they face job demands, suggests extending the research to students from other programmes and to the day to establish a comparative situation.
Psychosocial risks are the result of a demanding working environment, that is to say, the working conditions and the working environment do not guarantee the mental and physical health although in Colombia it is a requirement for all companies or workplaces to have safety and health regulations at work, charged with monitoring and promoting work well-being, however, such psychosocial risks at work may also be generated by other factors such as interactions at work, environment, job satisfaction and organisational conditions, worker capabilities, their culture, needs and personal situation outside of work. The following research seeks to analyze and make visible a latent problem in the vast majority of workers, which affects the functionality of people in all limits of their lives, In addition, it is a contribution to employers' broadening the field of action with regard to the prevention of psychosocial risks at work. In relation to the above, the population of the present research is brought into context, who are students who during the entire university career enroll in the night schedules of the Simón Bolívar University of Cúcuta north of Santander, where it is sought to know how psychosocial risks are manifested in students and that so much affects in their daily life at the level of active work and double presence, is why the objective analyze the relationship between the variables described above; which is developed under a methodology with an analytical empirical paradigm, with quantitative approach, descriptive design and a cross-sectional. In addition, the sample was based on 20 participants and a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, who were applied the instrument to evaluate Psychosocial Occupational Risks whose authors are Moncada, Llorens, Navarro & Kristensen (2005), where Chile carried out the validity and the Superintendence of Social Security (SUSESO) analyzes the questions with greater statistical relevance to construct a short version, which has 20 questions divided into five dimensions where psychological demands were taken, active work and double presence, characteristic for possessing a Cronbach alpha 0.758. A sociodemographic record was also made that contained the variables of sex, socioeconomic stratum, marital status, number of children, position and working hours, and was fundamental for an analysis of the state of the psychosocial risk variables. Obtaining statistically significant results, identifying that the psychological demands of students of the eighth semester evening psychology program, found that there is a mental overload for women, single people and those who work in operational areas, as they tend to be predisposed to this aspect. On the other hand, the description of the levels of active work corresponds mostly to women and, finally, there is the double presence in students who work since the double presence is a requirement within their professional and therefore academic activities. The Simón Bolívar University is recommended to develop mechanisms to address the high levels of stress caused by semester responsibilities and those situations that put students at psychosocial risk during the night institution, taking into account that they face job demands, suggests extending the research to students from other programmes and to the day to establish a comparative situation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Riesgos psicosociales, Exigencias psicológicas, Trabajo activo, Doble presencia, Salud mental, Psychosocial risks, Psychological demands, Active work, Double presence, Mental health
