Identificación y valoración de factores de riesgo y calidad del agua en la prevalencia de la enfermedad diarreica aguda
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2024
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas
Resumen
El agua posee características vitales y es muy sensible a la contaminación por acciones
humanas. Por esto el proyecto se tuvo objetivo de la investigación es identificar y evaluar
los factores de riesgo relacionados con el agua y su asociación con las Enfermedades
Diarreicas Agudas (EDA) en el barrio Las Flores, en el municipio del Atlántico. En una
primera fase, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre los indicadores microbiológicos
del agua potable y los factores de contaminación, de estos se seleccionaron 18 artículos
que proporcionaron información sobre diversos métodos de identificación de
microorganismos aplicables en la fase experimental. Se empleó el método del Número Más
Probable (NMP), tomando muestras de agua potable y de la ciénaga para cuantificar
coliformes totales y termotolerantes. Debido a la turbidez del agua de la ciénaga, se
realizaron diluciones seriadas en agua peptonada antes de sembrar en caldo Lauryl
Sulfato, por otro lado, el agua de consumo se agregó directamente en el caldo. Tras 48
horas, se observó ausencia de crecimiento microbiano en las muestras de agua de grifo,
mientras que en las muestras de agua de la ciénaga sí se evidenció crecimiento. Dado que
los resultados iniciales no fueron concluyentes, se planificará una segunda etapa para la
confirmación de los resultados, considerando que el método seleccionado requiere etapas
confirmatorias adicionales para garantizar la obtención de resultados precisos. Además,
se llevarán a cabo pruebas complementarias para detectar Aeromonas y Rotavirus, con el
objetivo de obtener una visión más integral de la calidad del agua y los riesgos asociados
a su consumo.
Water has vital characteristics and is very sensitive to pollution by human actions. For this reason, the project aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors related to water and their association with Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADDs) in the Las Flores neighborhood, in the municipality of Atlántico. In the first phase, a literature review was carried out on microbiological indicators of drinking water and pollution factors, from which 18 articles were selected that provided information on various methods of identification of microorganisms applicable in the pilot phase. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used, taking samples of drinking water and swamp to quantify total and thermotolerant coliforms. Due to the turbidity of the swamp water, serial dilutions were made in peptonated water before sowing in Lauryl Sulfate broth, on the other hand, the drinking water was added directly to the broth. After 48 hours, no microbial growth was observed in tap water samples, while growth was evident in swamp water samples. Since the initial results were inconclusive, a second stage for the confirmation of the results will be planned, considering that the selected method requires additional confirmatory stages to ensure accurate results. In addition, additional testing for Aeromonas and Rotavirus will be carried out, with the aim of obtaining a more comprehensive view of water quality and the risks associated with water consumption
Water has vital characteristics and is very sensitive to pollution by human actions. For this reason, the project aimed to identify and evaluate the risk factors related to water and their association with Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADDs) in the Las Flores neighborhood, in the municipality of Atlántico. In the first phase, a literature review was carried out on microbiological indicators of drinking water and pollution factors, from which 18 articles were selected that provided information on various methods of identification of microorganisms applicable in the pilot phase. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used, taking samples of drinking water and swamp to quantify total and thermotolerant coliforms. Due to the turbidity of the swamp water, serial dilutions were made in peptonated water before sowing in Lauryl Sulfate broth, on the other hand, the drinking water was added directly to the broth. After 48 hours, no microbial growth was observed in tap water samples, while growth was evident in swamp water samples. Since the initial results were inconclusive, a second stage for the confirmation of the results will be planned, considering that the selected method requires additional confirmatory stages to ensure accurate results. In addition, additional testing for Aeromonas and Rotavirus will be carried out, with the aim of obtaining a more comprehensive view of water quality and the risks associated with water consumption
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EDA, Agua potable, Contaminación, Microorganismos
