Del campo al derecho: crisis arrocera y protección constitucional
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Orduz Landinez, José Javier
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El propósito de esta investigación fue comprender cómo los derechos constitucionales de los campesinos en Puerto Santander realmente se aplican en la práctica ante la crisis arrocera. El objetivo central consistió en analizar la efectividad de las garantías legales respecto al trabajo digno, al mínimo vital y a la libre determinación del valor de la producción, frente a la actuación de los molinos, las importaciones y la aplicación de criterios de calidad. Para lograrlo, se utilizó un enfoque metodológico mixto, combinando el análisis de normatividad, sentencias y resoluciones con el contraste de datos económicos y entrevistas a actores del sector. El resultado más importante comprobó que, pese a los avances constitucionales y normativos, los molinos imponen criterios técnicos subjetivos para rechazar arroz local por “grano partido” o “calidad deficiente”, valoran de manera inferior el producto regional y, simultáneamente, privilegian arroz importado, neutralizando las protecciones formales.
La conclusión principal es que la brecha entre la proclamación legal de derechos y su ejercicio efectivo persiste mientras no existan mecanismos concretos de regulación, transparencia y defensa para los pequeños productores, por lo que proteger al campesinado implica superar la regulación simbólica y fortalecer instrumentos técnicos e institucionales reales.
The purpose of this research was to understand how the constitutional rights of peasants in Puerto Santander are actually enforced in practice amidst the rice crisis. The main objective was to analyze the effectiveness of legal guarantees concerning dignified work, the vital minimum, and the free determination of production value, in light of actions by mills, imports, and the application of quality criteria. To achieve this, a mixed-method approach was used, combining analysis of regulations, court rulings, and resolutions with comparisons of economic data and interviews with stakeholders in the sector. The most important result confirmed that, despite constitutional and regulatory advances, mills impose subjective technical criteria to reject local rice for “broken grains” or “poor quality”, undervalue regional product, and simultaneously prioritize imported rice, thus neutralizing formal protections. The key conclusion is that the gap between the legal proclamation of rights and their effective exercise persists as long as concrete mechanisms for regulation, transparency, and protection for small producers are missing; truly safeguarding peasantry requires moving beyond symbolic regulation and strengthening practical technical and institutional instruments.
The purpose of this research was to understand how the constitutional rights of peasants in Puerto Santander are actually enforced in practice amidst the rice crisis. The main objective was to analyze the effectiveness of legal guarantees concerning dignified work, the vital minimum, and the free determination of production value, in light of actions by mills, imports, and the application of quality criteria. To achieve this, a mixed-method approach was used, combining analysis of regulations, court rulings, and resolutions with comparisons of economic data and interviews with stakeholders in the sector. The most important result confirmed that, despite constitutional and regulatory advances, mills impose subjective technical criteria to reject local rice for “broken grains” or “poor quality”, undervalue regional product, and simultaneously prioritize imported rice, thus neutralizing formal protections. The key conclusion is that the gap between the legal proclamation of rights and their effective exercise persists as long as concrete mechanisms for regulation, transparency, and protection for small producers are missing; truly safeguarding peasantry requires moving beyond symbolic regulation and strengthening practical technical and institutional instruments.
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Palabras clave
Derechos campesinos, Arroz, Calidad, Regulación, Concentración de mercado
