Asociación entre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y variables sociodemográficas en adultos responsables de niños y adolescentes de 9 a 17 años en 4 instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Barranquilla, 2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Acuña Pérez, Wendy Johanna
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
El Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) es una causa principal de cáncer de cuello
uterino y otras enfermedades prevenibles mediante la vacunación. Sin embargo, en
poblaciones vulnerables persisten barreras como la desinformación y los mitos
sobre su seguridad y eficacia. La educación en salud es clave para mejorar la
aceptación de la vacuna. Objetivo. Este estudio analizó la relación entre factores
sociodemográficos y los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) sobre la
vacunación contra el VPH en cuidadores de niños y adolescentes en Barranquilla,
Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 345
participantes, aplicando encuestas estructuradas. Se usaron pruebas de Chi cuadrado para asociaciones entre variables, t de Student para diferencias por
generó, ANOVA para variaciones por nivel educativo, estado civil y estrato
socioeconómico, y correlaciones de Spearman para medir relaciones entre CAP y
variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El 68.7% de los encuestados reconoció́
la importancia de la vacunación, pero el 19.71% creyó erróneamente que causa
esterilidad, y el 69.57% de los menores a su cargo no habían sido vacunados. Se
hallaron asociaciones entre el nivel educativo y la incertidumbre sobre la efectividad
(χ2=27.756, p=0.002) y entre el género y la promoción de la vacunación (χ2=22.302,
p<0.001). Conclusión. Se concluye que las estrategias de educación en salud deben
centrarse en eliminar mitos y fortalecer la información basada en evidencia, con un
enfoque comunitario y la participación activa de profesionales de la salud para
aumentar la cobertura vacunal en poblaciones en riesgo establecido.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer and other vaccine-preventable diseases. However, barriers such as misinformation and myths about its safety and efficacy persist in vulnerable populations. Health education is key to improving vaccine acceptance. Objective. This study analyzed the relationship between sociodemographic factors and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about HPV vaccination in caregivers of children and adolescents in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 345 participants, applying structured surveys. Chi-square tests were used for associations between variables, Student's t-tests for differences by gender, ANOVA for variations by educational level, marital status and socioeconomic stratum, and Spearman correlations to measure relationships between KAP and sociodemographic variables. Results. 68.7% of the respondents recognized the importance of vaccination, but 19.71% erroneously believed that it causes sterility, and 69.57% of the minors in their care had not been vaccinated. Associations were found between educational level and uncertainty about effectiveness (χ2=27.756, p=0.002) and between gender and vaccination promotion (χ2=22.302, p<0.001). Conclusion. It is concluded that health education strategies should focus on eliminating myths and strengthening evidence-based information, with a community approach and the active participation of health professionals to increase vaccination coverage in at-risk populations established.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer and other vaccine-preventable diseases. However, barriers such as misinformation and myths about its safety and efficacy persist in vulnerable populations. Health education is key to improving vaccine acceptance. Objective. This study analyzed the relationship between sociodemographic factors and knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about HPV vaccination in caregivers of children and adolescents in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 345 participants, applying structured surveys. Chi-square tests were used for associations between variables, Student's t-tests for differences by gender, ANOVA for variations by educational level, marital status and socioeconomic stratum, and Spearman correlations to measure relationships between KAP and sociodemographic variables. Results. 68.7% of the respondents recognized the importance of vaccination, but 19.71% erroneously believed that it causes sterility, and 69.57% of the minors in their care had not been vaccinated. Associations were found between educational level and uncertainty about effectiveness (χ2=27.756, p=0.002) and between gender and vaccination promotion (χ2=22.302, p<0.001). Conclusion. It is concluded that health education strategies should focus on eliminating myths and strengthening evidence-based information, with a community approach and the active participation of health professionals to increase vaccination coverage in at-risk populations established.
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Palabras clave
Infección por VPH, Conocimiento, Actitudes y practicas, Vacunación (DeSc)
