Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un sistema fotovoltaico frente a la energía convencional en un proceso Acuapónico en el departamento del Atlántico
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Marenco Vergara, Juan Carlos
Vanegas Ojeda, Yenis Vanessa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
Se desarrolla una evaluación financiera enfrentando dos energías, la convencional y la solar, en la producción de peces y plantas en un proceso acuapónico. En esta simulación financiera la energía solar se presenta de dos tipos: aislada (consumo de 24 horas) e interconectada o en forma híbrida (equipos consumiendo energía convencional y solar en un 50% de cada una). Mediante el análisis del consumo energético solar a 24 horas, se demuestra sostenibilidad productiva en el proyecto acuapónico con 3.732 kg/año de Tilapia y 10.872 kg/año de Albahaca llevando el ejercicio a de 10 años con los valores cotizados a valor presente, teniendo como referencia la Tasa de Descuento exigida por el Banco Agrario (11,51%), el valor promedio del Índice de Precio al Consumidor (IPC) energético de 13,88% para el Dpto. del Atlántico, la inflación anualizada promedio a 3 años (3,98%) y el Índice de Precio al Productor del 5,98%.
En este sentido, la factibilidad financiera la obtuvo la energía solar a 24 horas a un costo $14.7 millones de pesos/unidad solar con un VPN positivo ($238,3 millones) y TIR (30, 95%), por encima de la tasa de oportunidad del mercado, colocando en operación 3 unidades productivas; con la financiación bancaria encontramos que su rentabilidad ofrece una mejor opción con poco respaldo privado ($43.7 millones) frente al crédito otorgado ($165,3 millones), lo cual hace atractivo el negocio con miras a una expansión a mediano plazo cumpliendo a 5 años con la amortización del mismo y la recuperación a la in versión a 3,33 años. Ambientalmente, se expresó los kg de CO2 eq (3.615) que se dejan de emitir al ambiente con la utilización de energía convencional de fuente fósil (9.037 kWh/año) con las 3 unidades productivas en funcionamiento constante. Los precios de venta del pescado y la Albahaca son $6.700 y $ 14.000, respectivamente, y se pueden bajar la Albahaca hasta $ $12.003 sin afectar la sostenibilidad del proyecto, teniendo en cuenta que el préstamo del 80% es el VPN de la inversión propia o privada.
A financial evaluation is developed facing two energies, conventional and solar, in the production of fish and plants in an aquaponic process. In this financial simulation, solar energy comes in two types: isolated (24-hour consumption) and interconnected or in hybrid form (equipment consuming conventional and solar energy in 50% of each). Through the analysis of solar energy consumption at 24 hours, productive sustainability is demonstrated in the aquaponic project with 3,732 kg / year of Tilapia and 10,872 kg / year of Basil leading the exercise to 10 years with the values quoted at present value, having as reference the Discount Rate required by the Agrarian Bank (11.51%), the average value of the Energy Consumer Price Index (CPI) of 13.88% for the Atlantic Department, the annualized average inflation at 3 years ( 3.98%) and the Producer Price Index of 5.98%. In this sense, the financial feasibility was obtained by 24-hour solar energy at a cost of $ 14.7 million pesos / solar unit with a positive NPV ($ 238.3 million) and IRR (30, 95%), above the rate of market opportunity, placing 3 productive units in operation; With bank financing, we found that its profitability offers a better option with little private support ($ 43.7 million) compared to the credit granted ($ 165.3 million), which makes the business attractive with a view to medium-term expansion, fulfilling 5 years with the amortization of the same and the recovery to the version to 3.33 years. Environmentally, the kg of CO2 eq (3,615) that are ceased to be emitted into the environment with the use of conventional fossil energy (9,037 kWh / year) with the 3 productive units in constant operation were expressed. The sales prices of fish and Basil are $ 6,700 and $ 14,000, respectively, and Basil can be lowered to $ 12,003 without affecting the sustainability of the project, taking into account that the 80% loan is the VPN of the own investment or private.
A financial evaluation is developed facing two energies, conventional and solar, in the production of fish and plants in an aquaponic process. In this financial simulation, solar energy comes in two types: isolated (24-hour consumption) and interconnected or in hybrid form (equipment consuming conventional and solar energy in 50% of each). Through the analysis of solar energy consumption at 24 hours, productive sustainability is demonstrated in the aquaponic project with 3,732 kg / year of Tilapia and 10,872 kg / year of Basil leading the exercise to 10 years with the values quoted at present value, having as reference the Discount Rate required by the Agrarian Bank (11.51%), the average value of the Energy Consumer Price Index (CPI) of 13.88% for the Atlantic Department, the annualized average inflation at 3 years ( 3.98%) and the Producer Price Index of 5.98%. In this sense, the financial feasibility was obtained by 24-hour solar energy at a cost of $ 14.7 million pesos / solar unit with a positive NPV ($ 238.3 million) and IRR (30, 95%), above the rate of market opportunity, placing 3 productive units in operation; With bank financing, we found that its profitability offers a better option with little private support ($ 43.7 million) compared to the credit granted ($ 165.3 million), which makes the business attractive with a view to medium-term expansion, fulfilling 5 years with the amortization of the same and the recovery to the version to 3.33 years. Environmentally, the kg of CO2 eq (3,615) that are ceased to be emitted into the environment with the use of conventional fossil energy (9,037 kWh / year) with the 3 productive units in constant operation were expressed. The sales prices of fish and Basil are $ 6,700 and $ 14,000, respectively, and Basil can be lowered to $ 12,003 without affecting the sustainability of the project, taking into account that the 80% loan is the VPN of the own investment or private.
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Palabras clave
Energía convencional, Energía solar, Acuaponía, Variables financieras, Conventional energy, Solar energy, Aquaponics, Financial variables
