Efecto de una intervención educativa sanitaria sobre el estado clínico y nutricional de adultos con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en una clínica de IV en Barranquilla. Septiembre – Noviembre de 2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Coronado Mercado, Diana Carolina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Establecer los efectos de una intervención educativa sanitaria sobre el estado
clínico y nutricional de adultos con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en una clínica de
cuarto nivel de Barranquilla.
Método: Se diseñó un estudio cuasiexperimental pre-post sin grupo control, con enfoque
cuantitativo, realizado entre septiembre y noviembre de 2024. Se incluyeron 32 pacientes
con ERC en estadio V, seleccionados por conveniencia. La intervención consistió en tres
sesiones educativas individualizadas centradas en el manejo dietético de fósforo, potasio,
sodio y líquidos, complementadas con materiales impresos. Se evaluaron conocimientos
alimentarios, parámetros bioquímicos (creatinina, fósforo, sodio, potasio) y antropométricos
(peso, talla, IMC) antes y después de la intervención.
Resultados: Se observó una mejora significativa en el nivel de conocimientos sobre hábitos
alimentarios. A nivel bioquímico, se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en
los niveles de creatinina, sodio y albúmina. Sin embargo, no se detectaron cambios
significativos en los niveles séricos de fósforo y potasio durante el periodo de estudio
Conclusión: Una intervención educativa sanitaria personalizada, basada en guías clínicas
y adaptada al contexto local, puede mejorar de forma significativa el estado clínico y
nutricional de pacientes con ERC terminal. Este modelo es replicable y aporta evidencia útil
para programas de educación en salud pública orientados al manejo integral de la ERC en
Colombia.
Objective: To determine the effects of a health education intervention on the clinical and nutritional status of adults with chronic kidney disease treated at a fourth-level clinic in Barranquilla. Method: A pre-post quasi-experimental study without a control group and with a quantitative approach was conducted between September and November 2024. Thirty-two patients with stage V CKD were included, selected by convenience sampling. The intervention consisted of three individualized educational sessions focused on dietary management of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and fluids, complemented by printed materials. Dietary knowledge, biochemical parameters (creatinine, phosphorus, sodium, potassium), and anthropometric measures (weight, height, BMI) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: A significant improvement was observed in knowledge about dietary habits. At the biochemical level, statistically significant changes were found in creatinine, sodium, and albumin levels. However, no significant changes were observed in serum phosphorus and potassium levels during the study period. Conclusion: A personalized health education intervention, based on clinical guidelines and adapted to the local context, can significantly improve the clinical and nutritional status of patients with end-stage CKD. This model is replicable and provides valuable evidence for public health education programs aimed at the comprehensive management of CKD in Colombia.
Objective: To determine the effects of a health education intervention on the clinical and nutritional status of adults with chronic kidney disease treated at a fourth-level clinic in Barranquilla. Method: A pre-post quasi-experimental study without a control group and with a quantitative approach was conducted between September and November 2024. Thirty-two patients with stage V CKD were included, selected by convenience sampling. The intervention consisted of three individualized educational sessions focused on dietary management of phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and fluids, complemented by printed materials. Dietary knowledge, biochemical parameters (creatinine, phosphorus, sodium, potassium), and anthropometric measures (weight, height, BMI) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: A significant improvement was observed in knowledge about dietary habits. At the biochemical level, statistically significant changes were found in creatinine, sodium, and albumin levels. However, no significant changes were observed in serum phosphorus and potassium levels during the study period. Conclusion: A personalized health education intervention, based on clinical guidelines and adapted to the local context, can significantly improve the clinical and nutritional status of patients with end-stage CKD. This model is replicable and provides valuable evidence for public health education programs aimed at the comprehensive management of CKD in Colombia.
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Palabras clave
Enfermedad renal crónica, Intervención educativa, Nutrición clínica, Salud pública, Hemodiálisis, Colombia
