Efectividad de la activación conductual y terapia de orientación a la realidad para mejorar la autoestima y la participación de la red de apoyo familiar en una mujer adulto mayor con Alzheimer
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Contreras Fuentes, Carlos Ernesto
Duarte Reyes, Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La Enfermedad del Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo que inicia con la pérdida de memoria, al que se va asociando alteraciones de otras funciones mentales, con una progresiva afectación de las actividades diarias del sujeto conduciéndolo a una situación de dependencia. Se ha evidenciado que muchos pacientes con EA padecen depresión debido a diversos factores ambientales, sociales o genéticos que afectan su percepción de la
enfermedad y su funcionalidad cotidiana. En este contexto, la autoestima juega un papel fundamental como factor protector frente a la depresión en pacientes con EA previniendo el desarrollo-agravamiento de cuadros depresivos y fortalecer el sentido de identidad personal promoviendo una mayor participación en actividades significativas, lo que, a su vez, fomenta una mayor integración con la red de apoyo familiar y social. El estudio aborda la efectividad
de la Activación Conductual (AC) y la Terapia de Orientación a la Realidad (TOR) en paciente de 81 años con Alzheimer. Las técnicas aplicadas buscan mejorar la autoestima y fomentar la participación de la red de apoyo familiar. La paciente mostró avances en interacción social, actividad física y estabilidad emocional; sin embargo, presentó resistencia hacia actividades cognitivas como lectura y escritura. La red de apoyo fue crucial, pero con desempeño desigual, destacando a una de sus cuidadoras en efectividad, lo que demuestra que la red de apoyo puede ser muy heterogénea en su desempeño. Se concluye que la psicoeducación y el refuerzo de rutinas estructuradas son esenciales para mitigar el deterioro cognitivo y emocional en estos casos.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that begins with memory loss, which is associated with alterations in other mental functions, with a progressive impairment of the subject's daily activities leading to a situation of dependency. It has been shown that many patients with AD suffer from depression due to various environmental, social or genetic factors that affect their perception of the disease and their daily functionality. In this context, self-esteem plays a fundamental role as a protective factor against depression in patients with AD, preventing the development and worsening of depressive symptoms and strengthening the sense of personal identity by promoting greater participation in meaningful activities, which, in turn, encourages greater integration with the family and social support network. The study addresses the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation (BA) and Reality Orientation Therapy (TOR) in an 81-year-old patient with Alzheimer's. The techniques applied seek to improve self-esteem and encourage the participation of the family support network. The patient showed progress in social interaction, physical activity and emotional stability; However, she showed resistance towards cognitive activities such as reading and writing. The support network was crucial, but with uneven performance, with one of her caregivers standing out in effectiveness, which shows that the support network can be very heterogeneous in its performance. It is concluded that psychoeducation and reinforcement of structured routines are essential to mitigate cognitive and emotional deterioration in these cases
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that begins with memory loss, which is associated with alterations in other mental functions, with a progressive impairment of the subject's daily activities leading to a situation of dependency. It has been shown that many patients with AD suffer from depression due to various environmental, social or genetic factors that affect their perception of the disease and their daily functionality. In this context, self-esteem plays a fundamental role as a protective factor against depression in patients with AD, preventing the development and worsening of depressive symptoms and strengthening the sense of personal identity by promoting greater participation in meaningful activities, which, in turn, encourages greater integration with the family and social support network. The study addresses the effectiveness of Behavioral Activation (BA) and Reality Orientation Therapy (TOR) in an 81-year-old patient with Alzheimer's. The techniques applied seek to improve self-esteem and encourage the participation of the family support network. The patient showed progress in social interaction, physical activity and emotional stability; However, she showed resistance towards cognitive activities such as reading and writing. The support network was crucial, but with uneven performance, with one of her caregivers standing out in effectiveness, which shows that the support network can be very heterogeneous in its performance. It is concluded that psychoeducation and reinforcement of structured routines are essential to mitigate cognitive and emotional deterioration in these cases
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Palabras clave
Alzheimer, Activación conductual, Red de apoyo, Autoestima, Terapia
