Efectos de los diferentes tipos de epilepsia al funcionamiento neurocognitivo en adultos
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Martínez Urquijo, Andrea Paola
Morán Zambrano, Génesis Esther
Ruiz Robles, María José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Introducción: Este estudio investiga los efectos de distintos tipos de epilepsia en el funcionamiento neurocognitivo de adultos, enfocándose en funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y memoria. La epilepsia, un trastorno neurológico caracterizado por descargas neuronales excesivas, se manifiesta en crisis parciales o generalizadas. Afecta a 60 millones de personas a nivel mundial, con mayor prevalencia en países en desarrollo debido a factores socioeconómicos. En Colombia, se estima que 800,000 personas padecen epilepsia, constituyendo un problema de salud pública significativo. El objetivo principal del estudio es describir los efectos de la epilepsia en el funcionamiento neurocognitivo en adultos. Se busca identificar alteraciones en funciones ejecutivas, lenguaje y memoria.
Método: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo empírico-analítico, realizando un estudio de caso único con una participante femenina de 30 a 40 años, residente en Soledad, Atlántico. Se aplicaron pruebas neuropsicológicas como la Escala de Inteligencia para Adultos de Wechsler (WAIS-IV), el Trail Making Test (TMT), la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler y la Figura Compleja de Rey-Osterrieth, evaluando comprensión verbal, razonamiento perceptivo, memoria de trabajo, velocidad de procesamiento y procesos atencionales.
Resultados: La epilepsia afecta significativamente funciones ejecutivas y memoria, mientras que el lenguaje se ve menos afectado. Se observan dificultades en memoria de trabajo, planificación, razonamiento, inhibición, toma de decisiones y resolución de problemas. Las alteraciones de la memoria incluyen déficits en memoria semántica, episódica y recuerdo auditivo-verbal. No se encontraron alteraciones significativas en el lenguaje en el caso estudiado, aunque esto puede variar según la localización del foco epiléptico.
Introduction: This study investigates the effects of different types of epilepsy on the neurocognitive functioning of adults, focusing on executive functions, language, and memory. Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by excessive neuronal discharges, manifests in partial or generalized seizures. It affects 60 million people worldwide, with higher prevalence in developing countries due to socioeconomic factors. In Colombia, it is estimated that 800,000 people suffer from epilepsy, constituting a significant public health problem. The main objective of the study is to describe the effects of epilepsy on the neurocognitive functioning of adults. It aims to identify alterations in executive functions, language, and memory. Method: An empirical-analytical quantitative approach was employed, conducting a single-case study with a female participant aged 30 to 40 years, residing in Soledad, Atlántico. Neuropsychological tests were applied, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, evaluating verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, and attentional processes. Results: Epilepsy significantly affects executive functions and memory, while language is less affected. Difficulties are observed in working memory, planning, reasoning, inhibition, decision-making, and problem-solving. Memory alterations include deficits in semantic memory, episodic memory, and auditory-verbal recall. No significant alterations in language were found in the case studied, although this may vary depending on the location of the epileptic focus.
Introduction: This study investigates the effects of different types of epilepsy on the neurocognitive functioning of adults, focusing on executive functions, language, and memory. Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by excessive neuronal discharges, manifests in partial or generalized seizures. It affects 60 million people worldwide, with higher prevalence in developing countries due to socioeconomic factors. In Colombia, it is estimated that 800,000 people suffer from epilepsy, constituting a significant public health problem. The main objective of the study is to describe the effects of epilepsy on the neurocognitive functioning of adults. It aims to identify alterations in executive functions, language, and memory. Method: An empirical-analytical quantitative approach was employed, conducting a single-case study with a female participant aged 30 to 40 years, residing in Soledad, Atlántico. Neuropsychological tests were applied, including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, evaluating verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, and attentional processes. Results: Epilepsy significantly affects executive functions and memory, while language is less affected. Difficulties are observed in working memory, planning, reasoning, inhibition, decision-making, and problem-solving. Memory alterations include deficits in semantic memory, episodic memory, and auditory-verbal recall. No significant alterations in language were found in the case studied, although this may vary depending on the location of the epileptic focus.
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Funcionamiento neurocognitivo, Epilepsia, Deficits de memoria, Funciones ejecutivas, Evaluación neuropsicológica
