Incidencia de la intervención del ministerio público como sujeto procesal especial en el proceso penal acusatorio en Colombia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Ortega Jiménez, Juan David
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Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Resumen
El Ministerio Público fue creado para defender los intereses del Estado, pero en su evolución constitucional también se dispuso para la defensa de derechos y garantías de los colombianos, adquiriendo mayor relevancia con la Constitución Política de 1991. Dentro de sus funciones, Como función, entre otras, interviene en el proceso penal bajo las reglas del Código procesal penal dispuesto, primero, en la Ley 600 de 2000 (sistema inquisitivo) y posteriormente por la Ley 906 de 2004 (sistema acusatorio), observándose cambios significativos en su presencia en los procesos penales puesto que se pasó de un sistema inquisitivo a un sistema acusatorio. Por ello, es relevante el análisis de la necesidad de esa intervención en el sistema penal acusatorio del Ministerio Público, examinando los antecedentes histórico-legislativos de las funciones con las que ha operado en los dos códigos procesales para determinar si la intervención se hace necesaria o puede afectar el proceso. Para resolver lo propuesto, se acudió a una investigación jurídica-explicativa aplicando el método de análisis y síntesis e histórico, y empelando técnicas de investigación documental. Se encontraron argumentos a favor (funciones constitucionales) y en contra (no se necesita) de la intervención del Ministerio Público en el proceso penal, pero la jurisprudencia del país ha sido categórica en solicitarle que se rija de manera estricta a las normas procesales para evitar desequilibrios en el proceso en favor o perjuicio de una de las partes.
The Public Prosecutor's Office was created to defend the interests of the State, but its constitutional evolution also provided for the defense of the rights and guarantees of Colombians, acquiring greater relevance with the Political Constitution of 1991. As a function, among others, it intervenes in the criminal process under the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code established, first, in Law 600 of 2000 (inquisitorial system) and later by Law 906 of 2004 (accusatory system), observing significant changes in its presence in criminal proceedings since the transition from an inquisitorial system to an accusatory system. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze the need for this intervention in the accusatory criminal system of the Public Prosecutor's Office, examining the historical-legislative background of the functions with which it has operated in the two procedural codes to determine whether the intervention is necessary or may affect the process. To resolve the proposed issue, a legal-explanatory investigation was carried out applying the analysis and synthesis and historical method and using documentary research techniques. Arguments were found in favor (constitutional functions) and against (not necessarily) the intervention of the Public Prosecutor's Office in the criminal process, but the country's jurisprudence has been categorical in requesting that it be strictly governed by procedural rules to avoid imbalances in the process in favor or to the detriment of one of the parties.
The Public Prosecutor's Office was created to defend the interests of the State, but its constitutional evolution also provided for the defense of the rights and guarantees of Colombians, acquiring greater relevance with the Political Constitution of 1991. As a function, among others, it intervenes in the criminal process under the rules of the Criminal Procedure Code established, first, in Law 600 of 2000 (inquisitorial system) and later by Law 906 of 2004 (accusatory system), observing significant changes in its presence in criminal proceedings since the transition from an inquisitorial system to an accusatory system. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze the need for this intervention in the accusatory criminal system of the Public Prosecutor's Office, examining the historical-legislative background of the functions with which it has operated in the two procedural codes to determine whether the intervention is necessary or may affect the process. To resolve the proposed issue, a legal-explanatory investigation was carried out applying the analysis and synthesis and historical method and using documentary research techniques. Arguments were found in favor (constitutional functions) and against (not necessarily) the intervention of the Public Prosecutor's Office in the criminal process, but the country's jurisprudence has been categorical in requesting that it be strictly governed by procedural rules to avoid imbalances in the process in favor or to the detriment of one of the parties.
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Ministerio público, Sistema penal acusatorio, Procuraduría general de la nación, Sujeto procesal especial, Proceso penal