Factores socioeconómicos y socioculturales incidentes en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los adolescentes de los grados 7 y 8 de la institución educativa “Jesús la Buena Esperanza” del municipio de Malambo/Atlántico
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Aldana Ibáñez, Carmen Alicia
Almazo Pérez, Josué David
Narváez Hernández, Silvana
Delgado de la Hoz, Yirlesa Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los factores socioeconómicos que inciden en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes de los grados séptimo y octavo de la institución Educativa “Jesús la Buena Esperanza” del Municipio de Malambo/Atlántico. Se decide trabajar con esta variable porque el flagelo del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en Colombia es un contexto interminable debido al impacto que genera en múltiples entornos de familias afectadas que de una u otra manera tienen una han tenido historias que las ligadas con la problemática en el contexto de impermeabilidad socioeconómico.
Con respecto a la metodología, la investigación aborda un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo. La población la integró adolescentes de los grados séptimo y octavo. En cuanto a la muestra, se escogieron 10 niños de cada grado para un total de 20 estudiantes. Por lo que el muestreo de esta investigación es no probabilístico. Y como técnica, se aplicó la entrevista semi estructurada.
En lo que respecta a los resultados, estos permitieron establecer que los factores socioeconómicos y socioculturales se relacionan con el rol socializador de la familia como el principal componente que orienta la incidencia en la prevención del consumo de drogas en los jóvenes, así como también una falta de conexión o vínculo emocional con respecto a los integrantes, desvinculación familiar y precarias condiciones económicas que no conllevan a un adecuado desarrollo personal exitoso de muchos jóvenes adolescentes entre los 13 y 15 años de edades, lo cual conforma un elemento riesgoso significativo, es por ello que un factor decisivo en el comportamiento de un sujeto va a ser el entorno familiar.
Del mismo modo, se puede establecer que en cuanto a la fácil accesibilidad y venta de sustancias psicoactivas para los jóvenes que deja en evidencia una problemática social de salud pública, dejando al descubierto una problemática local y contextual, destacando como factores de riesgo, la pobreza, vivir en zonas de tolerancia, alcoholismo dentro de las familias, presencia de sitios de expendio de sustancias
psicoactivas, el escaso control de las ventas de cualquier sustancia embriagante o alucinógena de forma legal o no a adolescentes.
Por tanto, se concluye que es indispensable resaltar que el sector educativo a partir de los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación, encamina un acercamiento con los jóvenes hacia abrir espacios de mejores programas de prevención para con ellos, además, escuchar sus inquietudes y temores a fin de establecer un puente de comunicación con los padres de familia y resaltar los factores de riesgo familiares que inciden sobre el consumo de sustancias en sus hijos, los cuales pueden estar presentes en sus familias más no ser conscientes de ellos.
The objective of this study is to describe the socioeconomic factors that affect the consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents in the seventh and eighth grades of the Educational Institution "Jesús la Buena Esperanza" in the Municipality of Malambo/Atlántico. It was decided to work with this variable because the scourge of the consumption of psychoactive substances in Colombia is an endless context due to the impact it generates in multiple environments of affected families that in one way or another have had stories that those linked to the problem in the context of socioeconomic impermeability. Regarding the methodology, the research addresses a quantitative approach, descriptive design. The population was made up of adolescents from seventh and eighth grades. Regarding the sample, 10 children from each grade were chosen for a total of 20 students. Therefore, the survey of this research is not probabilistic. And as a technique, the semi-structured interview was applied. With respect to the results, these allowed us to establish that socioeconomic and sociocultural factors are related to the socializing role of the family as the main component that guides the incidence in the prevention of drug use in young people, as well as a lack of of connection or emotional bond with respect to the members, family separation and precarious economic conditions that do not lead to an adequate successful personal development of many young adolescents between the ages of 13 and 15, which constitutes a significant risk element, which is why a decisive factor in the behavior of a subject will be the family environment. In the same way, it can be established that in terms of the easy accessibility and sale of psychoactive substances for young people that reveals a social problem of public health, exposing a local and contextual problem, highlighting poverty as risk factors, living in tolerance zones, alcoholism within families, presence of places where psychoactive substances are spent, little control over the sale of any intoxicating or hallucinogenic substance legally or not to adolescents. Therefore, it is concluded that it is essential to highlight that the educational sector, based on the results obtained in the present investigation, directs an approach with young people towards opening spaces for better prevention programs for them, in addition, listening to their concerns and fears of in order to establish a communication bridge with parents and highlight family risk factors that affect substance use in their children, which may be present in their families but not be aware of them.
The objective of this study is to describe the socioeconomic factors that affect the consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents in the seventh and eighth grades of the Educational Institution "Jesús la Buena Esperanza" in the Municipality of Malambo/Atlántico. It was decided to work with this variable because the scourge of the consumption of psychoactive substances in Colombia is an endless context due to the impact it generates in multiple environments of affected families that in one way or another have had stories that those linked to the problem in the context of socioeconomic impermeability. Regarding the methodology, the research addresses a quantitative approach, descriptive design. The population was made up of adolescents from seventh and eighth grades. Regarding the sample, 10 children from each grade were chosen for a total of 20 students. Therefore, the survey of this research is not probabilistic. And as a technique, the semi-structured interview was applied. With respect to the results, these allowed us to establish that socioeconomic and sociocultural factors are related to the socializing role of the family as the main component that guides the incidence in the prevention of drug use in young people, as well as a lack of of connection or emotional bond with respect to the members, family separation and precarious economic conditions that do not lead to an adequate successful personal development of many young adolescents between the ages of 13 and 15, which constitutes a significant risk element, which is why a decisive factor in the behavior of a subject will be the family environment. In the same way, it can be established that in terms of the easy accessibility and sale of psychoactive substances for young people that reveals a social problem of public health, exposing a local and contextual problem, highlighting poverty as risk factors, living in tolerance zones, alcoholism within families, presence of places where psychoactive substances are spent, little control over the sale of any intoxicating or hallucinogenic substance legally or not to adolescents. Therefore, it is concluded that it is essential to highlight that the educational sector, based on the results obtained in the present investigation, directs an approach with young people towards opening spaces for better prevention programs for them, in addition, listening to their concerns and fears of in order to establish a communication bridge with parents and highlight family risk factors that affect substance use in their children, which may be present in their families but not be aware of them.
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Palabras clave
Factores socioeconómicos, Jóvenes, Sustancias psicoactivas, socioeconomic factors, young people, Psychoactive substances
